国外学校危机干预综述

综述对国外学校危机干预的基本模式、内部人员、外部力量、专业训练和政府指导等方面作了归纳,并指出了其可供借鉴的方面。     

Quantifying the long-term impact of zoological education: a study of learning in a zoo and an aquarium

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that zoos and aquariums do, as intended, educate their visitors. However, even though most zoos offer a wide array of educational experiences, few studies have considered if the duration of an educational experience affects learning or whether learning lasts beyond the immediate visit. The current study used matched-pairs surveys to investigate children’s knowledge, attitude and knowledge of positive behavior during both a five-day zoo camp and six months after an aquarium visit. The participants of the study included children aged 9–12?years some of whom had participated in a purposefully designed educational intervention. First, the impact of a five-day zoo camp experience on children’s learning was investigated. Second, learning retention was investigated six months after a school tour at an aquarium. Results showed that during the camp learning was positively affected by participation in the educational intervention and by previous zoo experience. Girls were more likely than boys to have an increase in learning six months after an aquarium visit. The study demonstrates that learning persists, but that education can be enhanced with longer programs. Thus, zoos can play an increasingly important role in igniting pro-environmental behavior.     

国外移情与儿童欺负行为研究述评

本文介绍了国外对移情和欺负行为概念的界定及分类,重点阐述与分析了移情和欺负行为的关系以及移情训练对预防和减少儿童欺负行为的干预研究,在此基础上提出了现有研究存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

Research-supported practices for improving attendance in high schools: a review of the literature

High rates of absenteeism are often an early warning sign for negative long-term outcomes. Typical high school attendance policies, especially those that are punitive in nature, can make attendance problems worse. Fortunately, evidence suggests that even small improvements in student attendance can lead to meaningful outcomes. To support this recovery, high schools must have access to the most effective and efficient attendance interventions. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to summarize the current empirical research related to improving attendance in high schools. Results indicate that the 3 most common elements of high school attendance interventions with desired outcomes were skills training, family support, and incentive-based strategies. We discuss implications for future research and suggest that developing a continuum of research-supported practices within a multi-tiered system of support framework may be an effective way for schools to proactively and efficiently improve student attendance at the high school level.     

美国功能障碍早期干预法律法规述评

本文以2004年美国重新修订的《身心障碍者教育法》中第三部分《功能障碍婴幼儿早期干预计划》为主要依据,结合美国27个州关于早期干预的法规,对当代美国特殊婴幼儿教育的目标、功能障碍婴幼儿的鉴定以及特殊教育服务等问题作了全面述评,并结合中国国情,反思我国的特殊教育立法现状,对完善我国特殊教育立法提出建议。     

高职生的心理危机干预

高职生的心理危机干预工作直接关系学校稳定,关系学生的生命安全和健康成长,是学校心理健康教育的基础性工作.高职生心理危机干预机制主要包括学生心理危机早期预警制度、学生心理危机干预工作体系,以及心理危机学生的监护体系、救助体系、后期跟踪制度等.     

The role of teachers in peer conflict: implications for teacher reflections

Abstract

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore early childhood teachers’ interventions during peer conflict. Fifteen ethnically diverse teachers in central Texas were asked to reflect on videotaped peer conflict situations. Using thematic analysis, five strategy themes were identified: prevent aggression, consider timing, stop conflict, promote social competence, and use conflict resolution. A majority of teachers indicated a goal to enhance social competence; however, many disagreements resulted in teachers preemptively stopping conflict without discussion of alternatives. We emphasize the benefits of teacher training, including reflections, as a tool in discovering conflict resolution strategies that promote socialization.     

关于提醒在孤独症教育康复过程中作用的研究

本文从孤独症教育康复过程中,关于提醒方法的合理运用对于促进孤独症儿童沟通能力的发展,建立自信,加速“泛化”进程的研究入手,阐述了提醒在孤独症儿童教育康复中所具有的预见性、警示性和提示性的特点,提醒在孤独症教育过程中的意义和作用以及提醒运用的时机、场合和方法。     

Generating ethnographic research questions: an anthropological contribution to the study of higher education

As part of recent complex transformations, it seems that higher educational organisations are being forced to reorganise, standardise and streamline in order to survive in the new political and economic context. How are ethnographers in general going to approach these contemporary phenomena? By drawing on the conceptual history of anthropology, the aim of this article is to generate ethnographic-oriented research questions concerned with higher education. The first part of the article provides an ethnographic background, while the second part focuses on Paul Willis's reasoning on ethnographic imagination, as a prerequisite for generating alternative research questions. The third part makes explicit anthropologist Maurice Godelier's theoretical imagination, carving out some specific theoretical parts which may be used in the generating process. The conclusion then suggests a number of questions to be asked by future ethnographers of higher education. The questions are followed by a reflection upon the consequences of doing ethnography within contemporary higher education settings, which are increasingly dominated by policy-makers; ethnography is thus to be seen as an intervening instrument.