西方世界一流大学形成中的国家干预

国家与政府始终是大学兴衰的决定性力量之一,西方国家的世界一流大学既是历史发展的必然产物,也是国家和政府不断干预的结果。西方发达国家干预世界一流大学的历程及其特点,显示了国家与大学之间存在自由与控制、合作与抗争的基本矛盾,过程干预、目标干预和选择性干预是其三种国家干预模式。     

RESCUR Surfing the Waves: an evaluation of a resilience programme in the early years

ABSTRACT

RESCUR Surfing the Waves is a recently developed resilience curriculum for early years and primary schools in Europe. It seeks to develop in marginalized young learners the requisite competences needed to overcome the various challenges in their lives to achieve academic success and social and emotional wellbeing. The competences include developing a growth mindset, making use of one’s strengths, self-determination, effective communication skills and healthy relationships, and overcoming challenges and obstacles. This paper presents the findings of a study on the implementation of the programme in five kindergarten centres in Malta over a 1-year period. A pre- and post-intervention study in 20 classrooms (97 children) showed an improvement in resilience skills, prosocial behavior and learning engagement, but not in internalized and externalized problem behaviors. A small scale study in two nurture classes at two of the schools found similar findings. The findings suggest that there are indications that the programme as a proportionate universal intervention for early years leads to an improvement in social and academic behaviours, but more rigorous research is needed to substantiate these findings.     

Development of Long Live Love+, a school-based online sexual health programme for young adults. An intervention mapping approach

This paper describes the development of a Dutch online programme called Long Live Love+ focusing on positive, coercion-free relationships, contraception use, and the prevention of STIs, using the Intervention Mapping (IM) approach. All six steps of the approach were followed. Step 1 confirmed the need for a sexual health programme targeting young people aged 15 and over enrolled in higher level secondary education. Step 2 resulted in the production of a series of matrices-of-changes, including detailed programme objectives at the behavioural and the psycho-social level. Step 3 involved the selection of relevant methods and applications. Step 4 consisted of programme development, resulting in a sexual health programme with online and offline components, and including interactive exercises. Step 5 focused on adoption and implementation and included the production of a detailed teacher manual. Step 6 involved detailed planning for the process and effect evaluation and included interviews with teachers and focus group discussions with students to evaluate their experiences of the programme. The inclusion of a linkage group – and especially the inclusion of teachers in the development of the programme – turned out to be essential in terms of developing a programme in line with their context and needs.     

An evaluation of Fresh Start as a catch-up intervention: a trial conducted by teachers

This paper describes a randomised controlled trial conducted with 10 secondary schools in England to evaluate the impact and feasibility of Fresh Start as an intervention to help new entrants with low prior literacy. Fresh Start is a synthetic phonics programme for small groups of pupils, here implemented three times per week over 22 weeks. The intervention was led by the schools themselves and assessed in cooperation with the independent evaluators. A group of 433 year 7 pupils (first year of secondary school) were identified by schools as having literacy attainment below “secure” KS2 level 4, and individually randomised to a treatment group or a waiting-list control. The pupils were assessed via GL’s New Group Reading Test. Missing data at pre- and post-test amounted to 3% of the total. The overall “effect” size in terms of gain scores from pre- to post-test was +0.24, and this was repeated in a sub-group analysis involving only FSM-eligible pupils. However, there was some imbalance between the two groups at the outset, and this must lead to a slight caution about the findings, and to some doubts about whether one or more schools unwittingly subverted the randomisation. Other than this, the aggregated trial shows that schools can conduct evaluations of their own interventions with firm guidance from experts, and under favourable conditions such as individual randomisation and lack of extended involvement by developers with a conflict of interests.     

国外关于已形成事件的研究综述

已形成事件（Establishing Operation）是指通过临时地改变其他事件的强化效果以及与结果事件有关的行为发生的频率，进而对个体的行为施加影响的事件。国外关于已形成事件的研究大致可以分为两类：（1）利用已形成事件对问题行为进行功能分析；（2）以已形成事件为基础发展出一系列的行为干预技术，包括非一致性强化、非一致性逃避、刺激渐消等。     

School counsellors in cultural diversity contexts. An analysis of their practice / El orientador escolar en contextos de diversidad cultural. Un análisis de su práctica

This article includes the assessments made by four counsellors of their work in cultural diversity management in Huelva (Spain). Using interviews and focus groups, together with other qualitative research techniques, we examined the counsellors’ intervention models and the relationships they maintain with other members of the educational community to address issues raised by the presence of immigrant students in their respective schools. The results of the experiment emphasize the predominant use of a clinical intervention model, along with limited and isolated collaborations with teachers and other education agents (administrators, social workers, families). However, in recent years, the institutional consolidation of counsellors in schools and their commitment to prevention and collaborative work creates opportunities for a new, more participatory intervention model that would better manage cultural diversity.     

儿童孤独症及其行为疗法

儿童孤独症是一种广泛性发展障碍，以严重的、广泛的社会相互影响和沟通技能的损害以及刻板的行为、兴趣和活动为特征。由于儿童孤独症和童年期发病的精神分裂症等常常被混为一谈，因此认识孤独症患儿的各种表现特征并掌握行为治疗的方法是十分必要的。     

PCI术后患者自我管理的研究进展

本文阐述了自我管理的定义、理论,自我管理在患者PCI术后的应用及研究现状,为医务人员指导患者提高自我管理能力提供了指导。     

自我决定学习理论及其干预模型探析

自我决定学习理论的核心观点是能力和机会是促进自我决定能力发展的重要因素,自我决定是自我调节的特殊形式。促进能力缺陷学生和正常学生自我决定能力发展的模型包括机会干预和能力干预。