The Use and Misuse of Standardized Testing: A Whiteheadian Point of View

First an overview is given about the actual national and international situation concerning standardized testing. Then two major reasons are presented why accountability systems based on standardized testing have become so widespread: (a) the missing validity and reliability of teachers’ assessment of students’ achievement, and (b) the important role standardized testing plays for out-put management in educational systems.On the basis of these considerations Alfred North Whitehead’s critical remarks on external standardized testing are presented. Whitehead’s main point is that external standardized testing limits the freedom of teachers to adapt to the complex, situation specific circumstances in order to obtain a maximum of the creative learning process for students who are conceived as specialists. Instead external testings lead to “teaching to the test.” As a consequence, the attitude of creative, adventurous exploration is undermined and substituted by simple pattern recognition, narrow visions, and even boredom. Finally, the question is raised whether there is any possibility of developing a measurement tool which on the one side meets scientific test criteria, and on the other side is still flexible enough to do justice to needs of individual schools – which according to Whitehead are the essential educational unit – and not vice versa, as it is the case at present with external standardized testing. That such a flexible approach to evaluation is possible is demonstrated by the presentation of the basic ideas of the MSS (Module Approach to Self-Evaluation of School Development Projects) which has been developed and examined in ten schools by the author and his collaborators.     

层次分析法在工程方案选择中的应用

通过一个工程方案的选择问题，介绍了层次分析法的基本思想和主要步骤．并确定了最佳工程方案．     

运用概念图进行生物教学对学生认知方式的影响

本研究以高二学生为被试 ,采用不同教学方法进行高中生物“新陈代谢”一章的教学后 ,对高二学生的认知方式及其学业成绩进行了分析。结果表明 :(1)不同的教与学方法对学生的认知方式会产生显著影响。 (2 )使用画概念图的实验班学生多选择“规则 (P)”为其认知方式。这表明 ,学生主要以有意义的方式在进行学习和建构自己的认知结构 ,其生物学业成绩较好。 (3)运用传统教学法的控制班选择“回忆 (R)”为主要认知方式。这表明 ,控制班学生以机械记忆为主构建自己的认知结构     

基于马尔可夫模型的高校图书馆学科评价服务研究

随着"双一流"建设总体方案的提出，科研成果越来越受到重视，高校图书馆开展学科评价服务，对于提升图书馆的服务和地位具有至关重要的意义。本文在分析了吉林大学2010-2016年发表的论文总体情况的基础上，选取论文发表总量前10名的学科为研究对象，运用文献计量学方法和马尔可夫模型分析方法，与传统的评价指标相结合，构建相应的综合评价指标，消除学科间的基础差异，分析得出各个学科的发展速度和发展趋势情况。     

注册报告制对科技期刊论文发表的变革性影响分析

学术发表偏差的存在使非阳性科学研究难以获得支持,并且滋生了论文数据造假的现象。注册报告制论文发表模式是一种新型的学术论文发表机制,它不注重于论文的研究结果,而是把重心更多地集中于研究开展的过程。本文分析注册报告制的背景与内涵,阐述注册报告制论文发表的全过程,分析该制度与传统学术论文发表制度的优劣势,并归纳注册报告制近年来的发展趋势,从而提出推动注册报告制在我国发展的建议。     

科研人员流动中的性别差异研究

[目的/意义]科研人员已成为知识经济时代重要的人才要素,其在全球范围内的流动关乎各国人才战略。分析科研人员流动的性别差异,有助于更好地了解流动模式,同时有利于国家人才引进机制的完善。[研究设计/方法]在分析流动频次、回流倾向、流动时期选择的性别差异基础上,提出三个研究假设,根据假设提取并分析了ORCID数据库中截止2017年底的有跨国流动经历的26,315位科研人员简历。[结论/发现]①科研人员在流动频次上具有显著的性别差异,女性科研人员的流动频次少于男性;当流动次数增加时,对应人员比例降低;②在回流倾向上,女性与男性并无显著差异,英国的男性和西班牙的女性最倾向于回流;③科研人员在流动时期的选择上无显著的性别差异,男女均在职业生涯早期流动更多。[创新/价值]揭示了男女科研人员在流动中的不同倾向,为进一步探讨不同背景和条件下的差异现象及本质并寻求解决方法奠定了基础。     

Retooling Education: Testing and the Liberal Arts

The motivation and methodology for measuring intelligence have changed repeatedly in the modern history of large-scale student testing. Test makers have always sought to identify raw aptitude for cultivation, but they have never figured out how to promote excellence while preserving equality. They’ve settled for egalitarianism, which gives rise to “culturally fair” tests that substitute vagaries for knowledge, deprive students of any real appreciation for language, and trivialize education. Robert Jackson yearns for traditional oratorical approaches to schooling that venerate and imitate essential, time-tested masters. Unfortunately, he writes, such an education defies measurement with today’s multiple-choice instruments.

对影响广西城市体育中考因素的调研分析

在运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等多种调研方法,对广西几个主要城市体育中考情况分析的基础上,发现影响城市体育中考的因素较多,其中决策部门的重视程度与评分标准的设定分析占据重要位置。由此而知,加强学校决策部门对体育中考的重视、完善体育中考评分标准是当前加强与完善体育中考工作的重要举措。     

Tribology Performance and Adhesive Strength Evaluation of TiAlSiN Coating

Scratch test and friction test were performed to evaluate the internal and external interface behaviors of TiAlSiN coating, respectively. The critical compressive and shearing stress of coating failure during scratch test were calculated and the values are 30.84 MPa and 4.98 MPa respectively. The average friction coefficients of TiAlSiN coating against 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN steel are 0.70 (sliding speed 50 m/min), 0.63 (sliding speed 100 m/min), and 0.81 (sliding speed 150 m/min). The elements diffusion was analyzed by EDS. Al and Si element of coating material diffuse to the steel disc, except Ti element. The oxidation decreases with the increase of sliding speed, but the adhesion increases with the increase of sliding speed. More Al element diffuses to the steel disc at the high sliding speed, but the diffusion of Si element keeps almost constant at different sliding speeds.     

基于VAR模型通货膨胀影响因素的实证分析

分析了十年我国两次比较严重的通货膨胀的成因,使用2001年1月—2010年9月的季度数据,在构建稳定的VAR模型基础上,通过建立协整方程,运用格兰杰因果检验以及脉冲响应函数的方法,对其进行分析。结果表明：经济增长、广义货币供给量、房地产销售价格指数、外汇储备与CPI之间存在长期的协整关系;长期内以房地产为代表的资产价格对CPI的冲击较大,短期内外汇储备推高CPI的效果最为显著。