Ahead of the pack? Explaining the unequal distribution of scholarships in Germany

This article investigates to what extent scholarships are unequally distributed among students in Germany and how these inequalities can be explained. Following sociological theory, the article argues that elites seek qualitative ways of distinguishing themselves in a mass higher education system. Using student surveys, we demonstrate that class effects cannot merely be explained with reference to class differences in academic achievement but that higher classes have better access to scholarships independent of earlier school performance. Class differences were particularly persistent when the intermediate classes were compared with higher classes with more education. These findings illustrate that social classes have different strategies when it comes to participating in higher education and suggest that information about and access to scholarships is important in gaining a class advantage.     

林业建设工程的环境背景调查和环境质量评估

林业建设工程的目标已由过去的木材及林产品生产向发挥林业环境效益等多重功能转化，特别强调了现代化林业建设乃是人类最积极的环境建设途径。现代林业工种必须在立项和建设实施前进行工种建设区的环境背景调查和现有环境质量的评估，对建议经营目标实施后的环境进行预测，并$环境背景调查、环境质量评估、林业建设     

商业模式创新中"逢场作戏"能创造价值吗？ ——场景价值的理论渊源及创造机理

商业模式是描述企业创造价值、传递价值和捕捉价值的基本框架，而商业模式的场景化创新创造了场景价值。本文旨在从价值创造的视角梳理场景型商业模式创造场景价值的理论渊源和论证场景价值的创造机理。首先，阐述了商业模式场景化创新及其创造场景价值的过程，提出商业模式场景化的4类典型创新路径；然后，梳理了场景价值的理论渊源及发展脉络；最后，围绕4类场景化创新路径，逐一分析其创造场景价值的机理。研究表明，商业模式场景化是"货—人—场"转向"人—货—场"的创新，是数字经济时代中智能商业实现价值创造精准化的重要路径；场景价值创造的主导逻辑遵循"价值（感知）驱动（用户）行为"的规律，不同于交易价值和使用价值的"因货"或"因人"，场景价值强调供求连接及其互动的"因场"；"人"与"货"在时间和空间上的场景化，形成"随时""随地""随意""随便"4类典型场景化路径，并影响用户行为的关注意愿、互动意愿、购买意愿、推荐意愿，进而实现"比你懂你"来创造场景价值。     

学术不端文章的特征与成因分析——以《岩土力学》文章为例

【目的】了解学术不端文章与其作者所在机构、作者的职称、学历等因素与之间的相关性,为编辑部初审提供参考。【方法】 以《岩土力学》在线网站2014年收到的3032篇文章为统计样本,按照第一作者所在机构、职称、学历为统计指标对包括被发现的34篇有学术不端行为在内的文章进行了分类统计。【结果】来自985高校、211高校及中科院作者的稿件,出现学术不端的比例最低,来自勘测设计施工单位作者的稿件发生学术不端的比例最高,来自一般高校和专业研究院作者的稿件出现学术不端的比例介于前两者之间。副高职称和中级职称作者的文章发生学术不端的比例远高于正高级职称作者和中级以下职称作者。作者的学历高低与其文章出现学术不端的比例的高低没有相关关系。【结论】 在审稿过程中,对来自勘测设计施工单位或专业研究院的稿件,特别是中级或副高职称作者的稿件,应该仔细审稿。靠作者自身的学术道德修养来抑制学术不端文章的出现是不现实的,制定约束学术不端的行为的准则或立法是铲除这一顽疾的根本措施。     

经阴道超声(二维联合三维)检查对宫腔占位性病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨经阴道超声(二维联合三维)检查对宫腔占位性病变的诊断价值。方法:收集2014年1月~2014年8月在广西中医药大学第一附属医院经阴道超声(二维联合三维)检查、诊断并经手术病理证实的82例宫腔占位病变资料进行回顾性分析。结果:实验组82例,经阴道超声检查结果为:子宫内膜息肉54例,子宫粘膜下肌瘤13例,子宫内膜癌2例,子宫内膜增生过长2例,所有病例都经病理证实,诊断符合率为90.1%。结论:以上四种常见宫腔占位病变经阴道超声检查,其声像图可作为对其诊断和鉴别诊断的重要依据。     

On the effects of motivation on reading performance growth in secondary school

This research aimed at identifying unique effects of reading motivation on reading performance when controlling for cognitive skills, familial, and demographic background. We drew upon a longitudinal sample of N = 1508 secondary school students from 5th to 8th grade. Two types of intrinsic reading motivation (reading enjoyment, reading for interest), one type of extrinsic reading motivation (competition), and reading self-concept were measured by self-report questionnaires. Cognitive skills (reasoning, decoding speed) and reading performance were assessed using standardized tests and background variables were collected using student and parent questionnaires. Applying latent growth curve modeling, positive unique effects of reading enjoyment and reading self-concept and a negative unique effect of competition on the initial level of reading performance were recorded. Moreover, a positive unique effect of reading for interest on reading performance growth was recorded. One may conclude that enhancing students’ interest might be fruitful in terms of nurturing reading performance.     

贝多芬钢琴奏鸣曲演奏技巧分析

贝多芬的三十二首钢琴奏鸣曲,是巴赫的四十八首平均律以后钢琴文献中的最大曲集。对理想的追求,对苦难的坚忍,对生活、人和自然的热爱,构成了这些奏鸣曲的主要内容。贝多芬的音乐具有强大的生命力,节奏往往在整首作品中博动,而他在发展主题方面的技艺,又总是和他对节奏的独特概念密切相关。在演奏技巧上,他采用相应的钢琴音区和以和弦织体包围旋律的特点获得歌唱性,踏板的运用成为强有力的表现手段并得以发展,通过歌唱与断奏的对比,多样而细腻的分句色彩变化手法,获得空前的富有表情的效果。     

Biopower,disciplinary power,and the production of the 'good Latino/a teacher'

This inquiry explores who is the ‘good teacher of color’. Through Michel Foucault's notion of biopower and disciplinary power, the analysis attempts to problematize the subject-position of ‘teacher of color’ by exploring how a Latino intern and a Latina intern negotiated their subjectivity in a large diverse school district. Participants' construction of subjectivity was found to be located within the nexus of the school district, the university, and the Latino counter-discourse through which biopower and disciplinary power operated.     

论美术教学中素描的明暗调子

美术教学又称为美术教育,是人类重要的文化教育活动之一,帮助延伸美术文化,满足人民精神审美需求,促进精神文明程度的提高。素描的作用,是表现物体的真实感,通过明暗调子来表现物体的三维效果。如何通过处理素描的五大调子的关系,正确认识素描的明暗调子,提高造型能力,避免陷入对素描明暗调子的认识误区,成为美学教学的重要课题。