细菌生物膜及其在污染净化中的应用

生物膜是细菌在生长过程中为适应生存环境而吸附于生命的或无生命的材料表面所形成的一种与浮游细胞相对应的生长方式,是一个具有结构性、协调性和功能性的高度组织群体。本文介绍了生物膜的特点,重点讨论了生物膜的形成过程以及在重金属等有毒物质的降解和废水处理等环境问题中的应用。     

Diversity of Gram negative bacteria antagonistic against major pathogens of rice from rice seed in the tropic environment

With the use of a seed washing technique, more than 4000 Gram negative bacteria were isolated by two improved isolation methods from 446 batches of 1 kg rice seed samples obtained from 22 provinces in the Philippines. They were initially characterized on the basis of colony morphology and results of biochemical and pathogenicity tests. Six hundred and fifty-two strains were further identified by Biolog, from which 133 were selected for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis together with 80 standard reference! strains. Six-teen species or types ofPseudomonas and 17 genera of non-pseudomonads were identified, more than one third of which have not been recorded in rice. The most predominant species observed wereP. putida andP. fulva. About 17% of the strains ofPseudomonas and 2% of the non-pseudomonads were antagonistic to one or more fungal or bacterial pathogens of rice. Rice seed is an important source of biological control agents. Project supported by Belgium government and Asia Development Bank. Part of the experiments conducted at the University of Gent, Belgium and IRRI during 1997–2000.     

以天然混合菌接种的微生物燃料电池产电性能研究

采用双室结构研究了不同实验条件下,以天然混合菌接种的微生物燃料电池产电能力.发现在V底物/V菌液=5：1的条件下各电池的电流输出高于2：1条件,提高阴极的密度和强度可增加开路电压,但会降低工作电流的输出.一次性放电实验显示,不同微生物燃料电池产电和电子回收能力差别显著,功率密度变化为196.6-1283.0mW/m2,COD去除率在35.0-47.3%,库仑效率在28-50%,电子回收潜能大.开放性生态系统中的微生物比封闭环境中的微生物催化效果好,未驯化的硫化细菌催化底物产能的效率低.     

海洋适冷菌产低温纤维素酶的条件优化

本文对一株分离自黄海深海海底的产纤维素酶海洋适冷茵进行了产酶条件研究。结果显示。在接近自然海水盐度、温度20℃，自然pH条件下，茵体生长和产酶较好。所产纤维素酶为诱导酶，主要作用底物为CMC-Na和微晶纤维素。以1％球磨Avicel 1％蔗糖构成的复合碳源产酶活力最高；最适氮源为1％蛋白胨 1％酵母膏。     

农药烯草酮生产过程中含乙硫醇废水处理

为了减少环境污染,通过驯化高效菌种,采用厌氧、好氧微生物曝气生物法处理烯草酮生产过程中含硫醇废水污染,经环境监测达标排放。     

中华绒螯蟹细菌性颤抖病的药物敏感性

对杭州地区患颤抖病的中华绒螯蟹血液、肌肉、口器进行了细菌分离，获得的3菌株对健康蟹均有较强的感染力．此3菌株对48种药物敏感性不尽相同，但对西力欣、亚胺培南、头孢西丁、舒普深、氟哌酸、复达欣、氟嗪酸、洛美沙星，环丙沙星、丁胺卡那、菌必治等均较敏感，选取成本较低的氟哌酸与环丙沙星进行治疗，效果显著，治愈率均高达90％以上．     

高效优势菌在工业废水处理中的应用

简要概述了高效优势菌的来源及其生物强化，主要介绍了高效优势菌在石油、造纸、焦化、橡胶、煤气等工业废水处理中的应用，表明高效优势菌用于处理工业废水是有效方法。