珍珠球运动在我国高校开展及发展的对策研究

文章根据珍珠球运动的开展现状,阐述了高校开展珍珠球运动与促进高校体育教学改革的关系,结合珍珠球运动在我国高校的普及程度和高校的实际情况,为高校开展和发展珍珠球运动提出积极措施。     

Physical Activity Practices in Elementary Schools and Associations With Physical Education Staffing and Training

Purpose: Authorities recommend that schools provide a variety of opportunities for students to obtain physical activity (PA) before, during, and after school. This study assessed the prevalence of several school PA practices—including measures of quantity and quality of physical education (PE)—in elementary schools and examined the associations of PA practices with school resources (PE staffing, training, and facilities). Method: Surveys were obtained from respondents in nationally representative samples of elementary schools from 2009–2010 to 2011–2012 (1,831 schools). Results: Few schools (20.8%) provided students with PE class every day, but most (76.3%) had an appropriate PE student-to-teacher ratio ( ≤ 25:1). Many schools (74.0%) offered 20 min of recess daily, but fewer than half offered organized opportunities for PA before or after school (e.g., sports). After controlling for demographics and school size, having a full-time PE teacher and requiring PE teachers to obtain PE-related continuing education (CE) were associated with PE practices such as offering ≥ 150 min of PE per week (for 3rd-grade students) and testing PE knowledge, skills, and fitness. Required CE was also associated with a higher likelihood of offering PA during the school day (i.e., activity breaks and PA outside of PE class) and before or after the school day (i.e., afterschool PA programs). Conclusion: Few schools offer a broad array of PA programming. However, PE staffing and CE are positively associated with many PA practices including those outside of PE, possibly indicating that PE staff serve a crucial role in promoting a whole-school PA-supportive environment.     

我校大学生参与球类锻炼情况的调查分析

通过问卷调查法对我校大学生球类项目参与情况进行了调查分析。结果表明:本校大学生的球类项目运动兴趣是十分浓厚的,学生参与运动的动机较为明确,是对球类项目运动的兴趣爱好和提高身体素质;参与球类运动的频度和持续时间基本合理;大部分学生都喜欢球类运动,有待于更广泛地在高校普及各种球类运动性项目。通过本研究旨在为更好的促进高校球类运动项目的发展提供参考。     

中外男篮组织后卫阵地进攻中个人攻击能力比较研究

采用文献资料法，专家调查法，录像观察法，数理统计法，比较分析等方法，对参加第27届奥运会的中外男篮组织后卫在阵地进攻中个人得分和造犯规情况进行统计和比较分析，揭示我国组织后卫与国外组织后卫阵地进攻中个人攻击能力的差距。     

乒乓球运动员发球前心理定向的研究

乒乓球比赛首先是由发球开始的 ,发球是唯一不受来球制约的 ,其主动性显而易见。运动员发球前的心理定向 ,直接决定着发球质量的优劣 ,影响着技、战术水平的发挥 ,从而影响运动员比赛的成绩     

Novel mathematical model to estimate ball impact force in soccer

To assess ball impact force during soccer kicking is important to quantify from both performance and chronic injury prevention perspectives. We aimed to verify the appropriateness of previous models used to estimate ball impact force and to propose an improved model to better capture the time history of ball impact force. A soccer ball was fired directly onto a force platform (10 kHz) at five realistic kicking ball velocities and ball behaviour was captured by a high-speed camera (5,000 Hz). The time history of ball impact force was estimated using three existing models and two new models. A new mathematical model that took into account a rapid change in ball surface area and heterogeneous ball deformation showed a distinctive advantage to estimate the peak forces and its occurrence times and to reproduce time history of ball impact forces more precisely, thereby reinforcing the possible mechanics of ‘footballer’s ankle’. Ball impact time was also systematically shortened when ball velocity increases in contrast to practical understanding for producing faster ball velocity, however, the aspect of ball contact time must be considered carefully from practical point of view.     

关于提高网球运动员接发球注意力的探讨

通过探讨运动员注意力因素对网球接发球技术的影响，认为运动员的注意力是影响接发球效果的重要因素。并提出了提高运动员接发球注意力的理论与方法。     

关于篮球规则中双方犯规的浅析

自从1892年,詹姆斯·奈史密斯博士制定了最原始的13条篮球竞赛规则以来,这些规则随着篮球运动的发展,不断被修改和完善,其目的是促进篮球运动向健康与高级的方向发展。修改规则的基础原则是公平,即对比赛双方都是公平的。只有公平、规则才能成为篮球运动的法。本文通过公平这一基础原则,对双方犯规这一条规则进行剖析,旨在找出它的不公平,作出修改,与同仁们进行商榷。     

网球运动员动态中击球质量的探究

本文从整体论的角度出发,认为动态中击球质量的好坏并不只是由一个击球动作决定的,它应该是一个完整的预备体系,由此体系中的每一个部分包括重心、步伐、击球技术、击球战术和心智共同影响着。旨在对动态中击球质量有一个全面深入的认识,以期为指导网球运动员动态中击球的训练实践服务。     

体育教育专业足球普修课接高空球技术教学情况的若干思考

足球作为世界第一运动,足球普修课是体育教育专业主干课程之一。接高空球技术作为系统的足球运动技能之一,一直是体育教育专业足球普修课教学重点与难点所在。对足球普修课的接高空球技术教学情况进行经验性思考,并提出较为有针对性的建议,期望对今后的足球普修教学实践略有启发。