Silicon＇s organic pool and biological cycle in moso bamboo community of Wuyishan Biosphere Reserve

Biomineralization of Si by plants into phytolith formation and precipitation of Si into clays during weathering are two important processes of silicon’s biogeochemical cycle. As a silicon-accumulating plant, the widely distributed and woody Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens (moso bamboo) contributes to storing silicon by biomineralization and, thus, prevents eutrophication of nearby waterbodies through silicon’s erosion of soil particles. A study on the organic pool and biological cycle of silicon (Si) of the moso bamboo community was conducted in Wuyishan Biosphere Reserve, China. The results showed that: (1) the standing crop of the moso bamboo community was 13355.4 g/m², of which 53.61%, 45.82% and 0.56% are represented by the aboveground and belowground parts of moso bamboos, and the understory plants, respectively; (2) the annual net primary production of the community was 2887.1 g/(m²·a), among which the aboveground part, belowground part, litterfalls, and other fractions, accounted for 55.86%, 35.30%, 4.50% and 4.34%, respectively; (3) silicon concentration in stem, branch, leaf, base of stem, root, whip of bamboos, and other plants was 0.15%, 0.79%, 3.10%, 4.40%, 7.32%, 1.52% and 1.01%, respectively; (4) the total Si accumulated in the standing crop of moso bamboo community was 448.91 g/m², with 99.83% of Si of the total community stored in moso bamboo populations; (5) within moso bamboo community, the annual uptake, retention, and return of Si were 95.75, 68.43, 27.32 g/(m²·a), respectively; (6) the turnover time of Si, which is the time an average atom of Si remains in the soil before it is recycled into the trees or shrubs, was 16.4 years; (7) the enrichment ratio of Si in the moso bamboo community, which is the ratio of the mean concentration of nutrients in the net primary production to the mean concentration of nutrients in the biomass of a community, was 0.64; and lastly, (8) moso bamboo plants stored about 1.26×10¹⁰ kg of silicon in the organic pool made up by the moso bamboo forests in the subtropical area of China. Project (No. 30370275) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

中国人的恋竹情结

我国是世界上研究、培育和利用竹子最早的国家,竹也是中华民族气节的象征。本文从竹文化影响着中国人生活的方方面面出发,指出中国人的恋竹情结是建立在千百年来对竹的认识和开发利用基础上的。     

《老子》五千言：商鞅新政的谤文

在楚简研究中 ,有论者认为 ,二千言简本《老子》出自老聃 ,五千言《老子》则出自太史儋。太史儋入秦为公元前 35 0年 ,正值商鞅变法十年前后 ,五千言悉数采用二千言并加以改铸 ,实际为反变法而造。其不朽的哲学价值 ,在它原创性的“道生一”图式 ,这相对独立于其政治取向。此后 ,在秦的韩非和吕不韦从相反立场利用了它 ,前者使它代替二千言而一枝独秀     

战国秦汉时期的里社与私社

近年来长江流域出土的简牍材料表明,战国秦汉时期南方楚地存在着很多里。里皆有其社,社主又有“地主”、“侯土”等异名。围绕着里社的巫术活动十分盛行。从战国至汉代,里、社合一之制基本得到沿续,然而里、社分离的历史趋势已明显存在。西汉晚期,民间百姓在里社(官社)之外另立私社。东汉初年的《序宁祷券》证明了此种私社的存在,西汉中期邗江汉墓的《神灵名位牍》和秦朝末年的周家台秦简《日书》中关于私社的内容,比文献中唯一一条材料(见《汉书.五行志》)要分别提前36年和177年。     

从出土材料再论《文子》及相关问题

本利用新出土的献材料,从引《老》、用《老》的角度,论证古本《子》当成书于公元前3世纪上半叶。今本《子》与《淮南子》的关系,可以用“两次抄袭”的模型来解释。一方面是《子》在引《老》、用《老》,另一方面《老子》本在流传的过程中,也因为《子》的影响而发生着改变。     

里耶简牍所见秦代县廷官吏设置

从里耶秦简可以看出,秦代县与县下各级部门小吏之长官皆可称“守”,以表示“长官”之义。同时,“令”和“啬夫”,是当时并存的行政长官称号。就县佐官而言,里耶秦简中的“守丞”出现非常频繁,似不能简单以“试守”来解释;秦代县尉有置吏权,且无需征得县丞的同意。另外,秦代县下小吏的设置异常复杂,且职权划分不很明确,反映出秦代县廷小吏行政职能不太分化、县行政科层化程度不太高的状况。     

《雄雉》章句不合成因考--对"错简"说的再认识

在《诗经》中有部分诗歌常被疑为错简,原因是诗的内容或抒情语气前后不合。这种看法有一定根据,但失之简单化。《诗经》作为实用性乐歌,其文本形态的最后形成受很多因素的影响,比如歌唱方式、配乐、应用等。本文以《雄雉》为例进行个案分析,试图找到一条解释《诗经》章句不合现象成因的途径,从而为解诗提供新的视角。     

孔子、子夏诗论比较--兼论上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书《诗论》之命名

从传世文献看 ,孔子论《诗》是站在文化的立场 ,运用引譬连类的方法加以推演 ,揭示其礼乐文化意义 ,以指导学《诗》者提高道德修养和知识水平。子夏虽然接受了孔子的礼乐文化思想 ,但由于社会环境的变化以及自身认识的差距 ,其论 .《诗》则偏重于站在政治的立场 ,从诗反映社会政治和为社会政治服务的角度来揭示诗义 ,其基本方法是以“美刺”说诗 ,以期发挥《诗》的政教作用。比较传世文献与上博楚竹书《诗论》对具体作品的评论 ,楚竹书《诗论》的立场和方法与孔子较为一致 ,竹书整理者定名为《孔子诗论》是合适的     

山药蛋糕预混粉的研制

山药蛋糕预混粉是指按配方将烘焙所用的部分原辅料预先混合好的复配半成品,蛋糕制作时只需要加水,简化了蛋糕制作工艺。通过对蛋清粉、粉末油脂、山药粉、单甘脂四因素的正交试验研究,以蛋糕制品的感官评值进行正交分析,得出山药蛋糕预混粉的最佳配方为：蛋清粉18%、山药粉8%、单甘酯0.4%、绵白糖20%、食盐0.5%、塔塔粉0.2%、泡打粉0.3%、面粉45%、粉末油脂4%、脱脂奶粉3.5%、香精0.1%。