How to encourage a lifelong learner? The complex relation between learning strategies and assessment in a medical curriculum

Abstract

To foster lifelong learning skills, we need new didactic approaches with aligned assessment methods. Therefore, we investigated whether the outcomes of a project assignment show a different relation to learning strategies than a longitudinal knowledge-based assessment. We studied learning strategies of first year students of medicine and biomedical sciences (n?=?248) and performed hierarchical regression analyses for the learning strategies and grades of the longitudinal knowledge-based test and project assignment. Scores of students, measured with the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Likert scale 1–7), were relatively low for critical thinking (3.53), compared to rehearsal (4.40), elaboration (4.82), organisation (4.69) and metacognitive self-regulation (4.33). Knowledge based tests showed a significant relation to elaboration (p?<?0.01). For the project-based assessment, we did not find a significant relation to any learning strategy (p?=?0.074). Explained variance of the grades was low for all learning strategies (R² < 0.043). Different types of assessment did not discriminate between students with high or low scores on learning strategies associated with lifelong learning. An explanation is that the curriculum is not aligned with assessment, or students do not benefit in terms of grades. We conclude that, if assessment is to drive lifelong learning skills, this is not self-evident.     

Pre-service physical education teachers’ Indigenous knowledge,cultural competency and pedagogy: a service learning intervention

In this paper, we investigate the effects of a community- and school-based service learning experience (SLE) on pre-service physical education teachers’ Indigenous knowledge, cultural competency and pedagogy. Informed by the theoretical tenets of Indigenous research methodologies, experiential learning and critical reflection, we examine 55 final-year pre-service physical education teachers’ (age: 21.9 [8.3]; 10.7% low SES; 68% females) cultural learning and competency in a core unit of study with a six-week SLE. Measures of their experiences included reflective journals, multicultural teaching competency scales and focus group interviews. Findings support the design of the SLE, with statistically significant changes in pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their cultural competency (p < 0.001). Pre-service teachers were able to challenge their assumptions about Indigenous students, plan and implement student-centred and culturally relevant pedagogies. Attention is drawn to the design of this SLE and demonstrates the importance of using Indigenous community members and teachers as mentors, which has not been explored in previous SLE studies.     

Teaching in inclusive classrooms: efficacy and beliefs of Canadian preservice teachers

This study provides a Canada-wide snapshot of the self-efficacy and beliefs of 1490 preservice teachers in relation to inclusive teaching using the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice and the Beliefs about Learning and Teaching Questionnaire. At the time of data collection, these preservice teachers were in the final stages of their teacher education programmes. Based on the results of surveys in 11 Faculties of Education, men have higher self-efficacy than women for managing behaviour in the classroom, elementary preservice teachers have higher self-efficacy in collaboration than those teaching in secondary schools, those enrolled in the 1-year post-degree programme show lower self-efficacy than those enrolled in programmes of other durations, and those who have experience with people with special education needs show higher self-efficacy than those who do not. Differences illustrated that women were more inclusive than men, 1-year post-degree preservice teachers were less inclusive than others, and those who have experience with people with special education needs are more inclusive than those who do not. Recommendations for teacher education and limitations surrounding the practical significance of the findings are discussed.     

大学生英语听力训练模式数据分析及学习策略的思考

本文就大学生听力训练的三种学习模式进行了实验,并结合认知学习论和“母语-英语知识-认知双元结构”的相关理论,对实验的相关数据进行了分析,同时,针对不同的学生提出了不同的学习策略和教学模式.     

《白鹿原》：回归传统的平庸

本文通过对于黄土坡塬上的精神哲学－“白鹿精魂”－及其理想人格范型的解读,从一个侧面论述了回归传统是《白鹿原》的文化本性。文章指出,《白鹿原》并没有提供富有现代人文价值的文化观念,并没有最大可能地开掘人物灵魂的深度,它的成功在于以貌似丰厚沉静的鲁钝品性回应了九十年代文化民族主义的主潮。回归传统既成就了它,也埋葬了它。从这一角度言,《白鹿原》无疑是一部资质平庸的作品。     

Improving the learning of Boolean queries by means of a multiobjective IQBE evolutionary algorithm

The Inductive Query By Example (IQBE) paradigm allows a system to automatically derive queries for a specific Information Retrieval System (IRS). Classic IRSs based on this paradigm [Smith, M., & Smith, M. (1997). The use of genetic programming to build Boolean queries for text retrieval through relevance feedback. Journal of Information Science, 23(6), 423–431] generate a single solution (Boolean query) in each run, that with the best fitness value, which is usually based on a weighted combination of the basic performance criteria, precision and recall.     

组织中的学习战略演化及其案例研究

经济的全球化、商业环境的剧烈变化促使组织采取相应的学习战略来提高自身的学习能力。由于商业环境的不同、组织自身的条件各异，组织采取的学习战略会各不相同。文章讨论了一个组织内学习战略演化的三阶段模型，这三个阶段是：职工开发、逼近的商业需要、未知的商业开发。然后，对Motorola大学在公司内战略地位的变化历程进行了剖析。最后得出了一些有借鉴意义的经验和结论。     

经理人创新胜任力及其对技术创新模式的影响机制

明确经理人创新胜任力的组成,通过个体和组织层面的组织承诺与组织学习分析经理人创新胜任力对技术创新模式的影响路径。以全国182家制造及高新技术企业为对象进行调研,运用多元回归等方法统计检验。研究表明:由创新动力、创新能力和创新空间组成的经理人创新胜任力越强,企业越倾向于采取突变式创新;组织承诺和组织学习在经理人创新胜任力与技术创新模式之间存在部分中介作用;企业创新文化越强,经理人创新胜任力越需要通过组织承诺和组织学习传递其对技术创新模式选择的影响。     

技术系统演化中的忘却学习研究

忘却学习作为组织学习的一种典型模式在技术系统演化的研究中日益重要,受到大量学者的关注。相对于一个技术范式周期内的组织学习研究,忘却学习成为技术范式转变时期组织学习的主导模式。但对于忘却学习的研究,目前还缺乏系统科学的深入探讨。本文将尝试性的从知识与流程的角度界定忘却学习以及构建技术范式转变时期组织从学习到忘却学习的演化模型。     

学习型组织及其财务与会计解决方案初探

阐述了学习型组织及其产生的社会背景、理论渊源，探讨了建立学习型组织的重要意义和学习型组织与公司财务会计的相互关系，提出学习型组织主要是学习型公司的财务会计解决方案。