高考的文化使命与政策选择

高考的直接功能是为高等学校选拔人才,此外还对基础教育尤其是高中教育有着重要的导向功能,对社会流动、社会结构和社会发展具有预选和配位功能,还是国家文化的重要塑型、凝聚和导向力量。近年来的高考改革注重技术层面的改革而缺乏价值观的澄清和统筹谋划,过分强调高考的多样性而忽视其统一性和公平性,重命题改革而回避录取问题。今后高考改革的政策选择,建议加快高考立法,推进法制高考;成立国家高考委员会,改进高考领导体制和工作机制;坚持国家考试,坚持统一考试;坚持高考的公正公平取向,把高考改革和监管的重点转向名额分配、重点高校和录取环节;完善中小学教科书的国家编写出版制度,保障流动人口的接续教育和异地高考。     

以参加大赛为契机促进高职教育专业建设

全国大学生电子设计大赛是目前在中国参赛学校最多、影响最广的一项赛事,竞赛提出了职业教育要体现职业化的要求,要突出实战性,竞赛的目的是引领职业教育改革。电子信息工程技术专业要开设电子产品设计与制作课程,该课程要以项目引领知识学习,将整体教学目标分层次逐级实现,实行多次性的过程考核方法,实现理实一体化教学。     

高职课程考试方式的改革研究与实践——以高职业市公司财务分析课程为例

考试是检验教学效果的手段,也是监控和评价教学质量的重要方法。通过上市公司财务分析课程考试方式改革的实践,阐述了传统的考试模式存在的问题及原因。在课程考试方式改革实践的基础上,说明改革传统考试方式的迫切性及有益之处,同时结合改革实践的经验,提出了高职教育课程考试方式改革的对策。     

高校课程考试改革的思考

考试改革是高等学校教学改革的重要内容之一。当前高等学校课程考试存在着考试管理制度执行力不够、考试形式单一、考试作弊现象屡禁不止等问题。高校应在考试管理制度、考试内容与形式,推行教考分离、在线考试等方面实行改革。     

从高考综合卷的统计分析看高中生的知识结构

以2009上海高考综合能力测试卷为研究对象,通过统计分析,了解考生对于高中阶段六门基础性学科知识的学习和应用情况,由此分析高中生的知识结构,并对教师的教和学生的学提供一定的参考。     

浅议高考声乐教学中的作品演唱——以歌剧《苍原》中的选段为例

高考体制的改革和人们观念的转变,引起了艺考热的不断升温,同时对考生也提出了更高、更全面的要求。为此,考生不仅要具备良好的嗓音条件和一定的专业技能,教师也必须发挥其应有的指导作用。在高考声乐教学中,教师首先要让学生了解考试作品的创作背景,训练学生高位置的朗诵作品,保证学生用统一的状态演唱歌曲,同时,要训练学生合理分配气息,在把握歌曲风格的基础上,进一步深入分析和理解歌曲的思想内容与感情形象,对歌曲演唱进行整体布局,从而让考生的演唱水平在短时间内得到最大限度的提高。     

Beyond item analysis: Connecting student behaviour and performance using e-assessment logs

Traditional item analyses such as classical test theory (CTT) use exam-taker responses to assessment items to approximate their difficulty and discrimination. The increased adoption by educational institutions of electronic assessment platforms (EAPs) provides new avenues for assessment analytics by capturing detailed logs of an exam-taker's journey through their exam. This paper explores how logs created by EAPs can be employed alongside exam-taker responses and CTT to gain deeper insights into exam items. In particular, we propose an approach for deriving features from exam logs for approximating item difficulty and discrimination based on exam-taker behaviour during an exam. Items for which difficulty and discrimination differ significantly between CTT analysis and our approach are flagged through outlier detection for independent academic review. We demonstrate our approach by analysing de-identified exam logs and responses to assessment items of 463 medical students enrolled in a first-year biomedical sciences course. The analysis shows that the number of times an exam-taker visits an item before selecting a final response is a strong indicator of an item's difficulty and discrimination. Scrutiny by the course instructor of the seven items identified as outliers suggests our log-based analysis can provide insights beyond what is captured by traditional item analyses.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

• Traditional item analysis is based on exam-taker responses to the items using mathematical and statistical models from classical test theory (CTT). The difficulty and discrimination indices thus calculated can be used to determine the effectiveness of each item and consequently the reliability of the entire exam.

What this paper adds

• Data extracted from exam logs can be used to identify exam-taker behaviours which complement classical test theory in approximating the difficulty and discrimination of an item and identifying items that may require instructor review.

Implications for practice and/or policy

• Identifying the behaviours of successful exam-takers may allow us to develop effective exam-taking strategies and personal recommendations for students.
• Analysing exam logs may also provide an additional tool for identifying struggling students and items in need of revision.

     

A systematic review on test anxiety in children and young people with learning difficulties

This systematic review explores test anxiety in children and young people (CYP) with learning difficulties. Research has found that students with learning difficulties experience higher levels of anxiety about school compared to peers without learning difficulties. One area of school that has had little research is test anxiety, therefore further exploration is needed. Nine papers resulted from the systematic search. It was found that CYP with learning difficulties can experience test anxiety. There are a variety of internal and external factors which have an interactional relationship with test anxiety. A model was developed to illustrate these factors including characteristics of tests, perceptions of support, self-belief and cognition and learning skills. This can be used to explore potential reasons for test anxiety in CYP with learning difficulties and to provide subsequent support.