Promoting physical activity using a wearable activity tracker in college students: A cluster randomized controlled trial

This study examined the effects of utilizing a wearable activity tracker in a credit-based physical activity instructional program (PAIP) for promoting physical activity (PA) in college students. Fourteen PAIP courses in a large public university were randomly assigned into intervention (k = 7; n = 101) and control (k = 7; n = 86) groups. All courses focused on a core curriculum that covers basic exercise and behavioral science contents through lectures and activity sessions. A Misfit Flash activity tracker was provided to students in the intervention group. Objective PA assessments occurred at baseline, mid-, and end-of-semester during a 15-week academic semester. The control group showed a significant reduction in moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) minutes from baseline to the end-of-semester (P <.05), whereas the intervention group showed no changes in MVPA minutes over time. However, the intervention group also showed increased sedentary time and decreased time spent in light-intensity PA during the intervention period. Taken together, the present study found null effects of utilizing the wearable activity tracker in promoting PA in college students suggesting that intervention of primary using the wearable activity tracker as a behavior change strategy may not be effective to increase in PA in this setting.     

基于性别视角的社交媒体用户造谣传谣和举报谣言行为研究

研究男性与女性用户在社交媒体中造谣（传谣）和举报谣言行为上的差异性,有助于制定针对性的谣言消解措施。以新浪微博中已被证实为谣言的微博内容为数据源。采用列联卡方检验（Chi-squared test）检验了男性和女性用户在造谣（传谣）和举报谣言行为上的差异,同时通过隐含狄利克雷分布（Latent Dirichlet Allocation）对男女用户生成和举报的谣言内容进行了主题分类。结合列联卡方检验结果和主题分类结果,对社交媒体男女用户在造谣传谣和举报谣言行为上的差异进行了讨论。主要研究发现如下：造谣（传谣）行为方面,女性用户中造谣（传谣）的比率显著高于男性用户;举报谣言行为方面,男性用户中举报谣言的比率显著高于女性用户（x²=169.426,P<0.001）。两性用户均关注国际关系话题,但也存在差异性：男性用户造谣传谣的内容重点聚焦于国际关系方面,而女性造谣传谣的内容还体现在社会安全、食药安全和突发事件方面。在研究结果基础上,为社交媒体运营商提出了谣言消解措施。     

基于行为经济学视角下的体育彩票消费者的认知偏差研究

认知偏差是体育彩票消费中的一种普遍现象,严重的认知偏差不仅危害到博彩业的健康发展,也对社会的稳定产生不良影响。从行为经济学视角出发,结合金融学和心理学等相关研究,系统分析了体育博彩中直觉偏差、心理账户、沉没成本效应、情绪与自我控制以及社会交互作用等认知偏差现象,深入探讨了由此而产生的彩民行为偏差,并据此提出了相应的纠偏策略和未来可能的研究方向。     

A Cross-Cultural Validation of Perceived Locus of Causality Scale in Physical Education Context

We examined the validity of the factor structure and invariance of the Perceived Locus of Causality (PLOC) scale instrument scores across two nations endorsing collectivist (Singapore) and individualist (Great Britain) cultural values. Results indicated that confirmatory factor analytic models of the PLOC exhibited adequate ft according to multiple criteria within each sample and across samples. There was invariance in the item-intercepts across the two cultures. In addition, the simplex-like pattern of relations among the PLOC constructs was confirmed within cultures and in invariance analyses. Finally, latent factor means analysis revealed that the British participants tended to rate less self-determined forms of motivation lower than and more self-determined forms of motivation higher than the Singaporean participants.     

Effects of Proximity on the Choice to Be Physically Active or Sedentary

The link between physical activity and weight loss has precipitated interest in interventions to foster adherence to exercise. It has been suggested that treatment effects, when significant, should be analyzed to determine theory-based mediators. This research assessed possible mediation of changes in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Self-Efficacy, Total Mood Disturbance, and Body Areas Satisfaction scores on the relationship between exercise session attendance and participation by obese women in a 6-month treatment based on tenets of social cognitive theory (n = 73) or a control condition (n = 64). Participation in the treatment was associated with significantly greater exercise session attendance and significantly greater improvements in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Barriers Self-Efficacy, and Body Areas Satisfaction. Overall, changes in the assessed psychological factors demonstrated significant mediation of the association between group membership and exercise session attendance, R² = .23, with only change in Physical Self-Concept scores providing a significant unique contribution. Extensions of this research across different sample types, and with longer durations, were suggested to refine theory and, ultimately, improve exercise adherence treatments.     

美国环境社会心理学研究的新进展

美国环境社会心理学传统的研究课题包括对拥挤和噪音、环境风险、建筑心理学及环境评估的研究，新的研究取向则是研究由于人的行为而造成的环境问题、以及如何形成人们的环境保护行为。为着社会可持续发展的需要。中国的应用社会心理学家需要加强对环境社会心理学的研究和成果的推广应用工作。     

Confirmatory factor analysis of word recognition and process measures in the Colorado Reading Project

Measures of word recognition (REC) and two component skills, phonological coding (PHON) and orthographic coding (ORTH), were subjected to multivariate behavioral genetic analysis. Data were obtained from a sample of identical and fraternal twin pairs wherein at least one member of each pair was reading disabled (RD), and from a sample of twins wherein both members of each pair read in the normal range. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to fit the genetic, common environmental, and specific environmental covariance components for REC, PHON, and ORTH within the RD and normal simples. The resulting heritability estimates for REC, PHON, and ORTH were 0.59, 0.41, and 0.05 in the RD sample, and 0.35, 0.52, and 0.20 in the normal sample. After dropping the nonsignificant common environment parameters from the models, the genetic correlations between REC and PHON and between REC and ORTH were respectively 0.81 and 0.45 in the RD sample, and 0.68 and 0.45 in the normal sample. Differences between the genetic correlations were significant in the RD sample (p<0.005), marginally significant in the normal sample (p<0.10), and highly significant in the combined sample (p<0.001), indicating that genetic influences on individual differences in REC are more strongly related to genetic variance in PHON than in ORTH. These results are consistent with previous demonstrations of substantial genetic covariance between the disabled group's deficits in REC and PHON, but not between REC and ORTH (Olson et al., 1989; Olson and Rack, 1990).     

延时折扣范式下大学生课堂媒体多任务现象的行为经济分析

为探讨中国大学生课堂媒体多任务行为背后的冲动性机制,采用由经典延时折扣范式改编的课堂假想情景实验考察了101名大学生的课堂发消息行为。拟合分析结果表明大学生课堂发消息行为本质上是一种在即时少量报酬和延迟丰厚报酬间权衡时做出的冲动性的选择。进一步采用曲线下面积辅助分析发现女生比男生更少进行课堂发消息行为,而且女生在有趣课堂中比在枯燥课堂中更少进行课堂发消息行为。文章提供了对于中国大学生课堂媒体多任务行为的行为经济学分析思路。     

被拒幼儿行为问题的个案研究

被拒绝幼儿是指在群体中受到排挤和拒绝的幼儿。在幼儿成长过程中,幼儿良好的交往行为有利于其健康人格形成。文章运用同伴提名法选出班级内被拒绝幼儿,对其进行行为观察、家庭访谈、与教师沟通等方式了解幼儿交往行为状况并分析其成因,提出改善其同伴交往行为的策略。