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131.
Vicente Mellado María Luisa Bermejo Lorenzo J. Blanco Constantino Ruiz 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(1):37-62
We describe research carried out with a prospective secondary biology teacher, whom we shall call Miguel. The teacher’s conceptions
of the nature of science and of learning and teaching science were analyzed and compared with his classroom practice when
teaching science lessons. The data gathering procedures were interviews analyzed by means of cognitive maps and classroom
observations. The results reflected Miguel’s relativist conceptions of the nature of science that were consistent with his
constructivist orientation in learning and teaching. In the classroom, however, he followed a strategy of transmission of
external knowledge based exclusively on teacher explanations, the students being regarded as mere passive receptors of that
knowledge. Miguel’s classroom behavior was completely contrary to his conceptions, which were to reinforce the students’ alternative
ideas through debate, and not by means of teacher explanation. 相似文献
132.
目的:调查了解现阶段大学生对艾滋病的认知和行为意向以及态度,为进一步加强大学生艾滋病相关教育提供基础依据。方法:研究对象为1460名在校大学生,调查采用自填式调查表进行调查。结果:调查对象对艾滋病的知晓率为100%,对艾滋病有效传播途径的认识较清楚。结论:调查对象对艾滋病的严重性、传染性、易感性、传播途径、致病机理以及预防等知识的认知水平较高,以及对艾滋病的流行趋势有较清楚的认识。大多数大学生对于吸毒的危害有很好的认识;对艾滋病病人或感染者的态度,依然存在恐惧和歧视心理。 相似文献
133.
Stacey L. Hamilton Amanda Baraldi Shelia M. Kennison 《Journal of College Counseling》2021,24(1):49-62
This research investigated the relationships among symptoms associated with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), perceived stress, and resilience in college students. In our study of 558 college students (175 men, 383 women), we confirmed the hypothesis that the relationship between ADHD symptoms and perceived stress is mediated by protective factors associated with resilience. The relationships were not significantly moderated by sex. Implications for increasing resilience in college students and lowering perceived stress for college students are discussed. 相似文献
134.
Traci-Ann Garrad Christopher Rayner Scott Pedersen Monica Cuskelly 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2021,21(4):381-391
Many teachers are sporadic in using evidence-based practice (EBP) concerning students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Numerous reasons have been posited for this. However, no single study has worked to understand the relative importance of identified criteria in the EBP decision-making processes of teachers. Through the development of a new survey tool, the Evidence-Based Practice Innovation Survey (EBPIAS), an exploration of the decision-making process of Australian teachers in their adoption and cessation of EBP was undertaken. Teachers rated the perception that an EBP would meet the needs of their students as the most important criteria in determining their use of EBP. Conversely, the judgement that an EBP did not meet the needs of their student was the most important criteria in their decision to cease use. In comparing the relevant importance of identified criteria, teachers rated the perception of training as the second-lowest consideration in their decision to adopt and cease using EBP. Consequently, there may need to be greater promotion of, or information concerning, the training required by teachers for effective implementation supporting a more balanced and holistic approach in assessing criteria impacting the adoption of EBP by teachers in the first instance, potentially lowering cessation rates. 相似文献
135.
136.
Ceri Elliott Karola Dillenburger 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2016,16(3):187-198
Self‐determination and decision‐making are acknowledged internationally as key rights of persons with disabilities and should play an important role in the development of educational plans and procedures. Not only is the chance for individuals with developmental disabilities to select their own tasks, leisure activities or reinforcers a valuable way of enhancing rights‐based education and personal dignity, but choice‐making opportunities may also function as a useful clinical or educational tool if they actually improve the efficacy of programmes aimed at the acquisition of socially relevant behaviours and life skills or the reduction of challenging behaviours. The study reported here assessed whether or not choice affected effectiveness of an educational procedure for three children on the autism spectrum. Following a preference assessment, a number of discrete teaching trials were conducted with each child and, contingent upon targeted responses, either the child or the therapist selected one of three preferred reinforcer items. Reinforcer choice did not affect intervention effectiveness for two of the children; however, performance and motivation improved for the third child. Results re‐affirmed the importance of thorough preference assessments prior to intervention and showed that additional stimulus choice contingent on the target response may improve motivation and outcomes for some children. 相似文献
137.
Adam Raunic Sophia Xenos 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2008,30(4):262-267
This paper reviews research on students’ usage of university counselling services across countries and their demographic and
psychological characteristics. In doing so, emphasis is given to reported distinctions between local and international university
students. Utilisation rates, encouraging factors and barriers to utilisation, presenting problems, and methodological problems
with existing studies are each examined. The findings suggest that only a minority of between 2% and 4% of university students
access such services, with females being more likely to use them than males. International students in particular underutilise
these services, and this is primarily due to such students’ preference for seeking help from family or friends over outside
sources. When students do seek assistance, their presenting issues most commonly involve symptoms of depression or anxiety,
as well as academic and relationship difficulties. 相似文献
138.
Sam Parsons Alice Sullivan Vanessa Moulton Emla Fitzsimons George B. Ploubidis 《British Educational Research Journal》2021,47(5):1361-1387
Behaviour problems in early childhood have a lasting impact on cognitive development and education attainment in later adolescence and into adulthood. Here we address the relationship conduct and hyperactivity problems at school entrance, and vocabulary acquisition in adolescence. We compare performance in identical assessments across two generations of British children born 30 years apart in 1970 (n = 15,676) and 2000/2 (n = 16,628) and find that both conduct and hyperactivity problems have a negative association with later vocabulary in both generations. We take advantage of rich longitudinal birth cohort data and establish that these relationships hold once family socioeconomic status and a child’s personal characteristics and earlier vocabulary acquisition are taken into account. We also find that teenagers today achieved substantively lower scores in the vocabulary assessment compared to their counterparts born 30 years earlier, and that this holds across all categories within each of the family and individual characteristics considered in this article. As vocabulary and language skills are key prerequisites for wider learning, we discuss implications the findings have for education policies. 相似文献
139.
140.
论“经济人”假设的历史作用及其局限性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
万顺福 《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,34(2):28-33
“经济人”是西方经济学和管理学关于人的经济行为动机的一个基本假设,是西方经济学和管理学早期最重要的理论基础,对西方社会及西方经济学和管理学的发展产生了重要影响。但是,对于“经济人”假设怎么评价则是长期以来经济学、管理学界争论不休的问题,至今众说纷纭。本文论述了“经济人”假设的主要内容,“经济人”假设的历史作用和局限性,以期对“经济人”假设做进一步探讨。 相似文献