论高校科技创新的动力机制

高校科技创新的动力结构取决于知识产权的保护形式、利益分配和政策引导；取决于科技创新的内部动力与外部动力的相互作用。高校科技创新动力的形成则依赖于政策引导与支持、市场需求、企业需求与支持和高校自身科技发展的需要。     

Building student-teacher relationships and improving behaviour-management for classroom teachers

Teachers can at times view behavioural intervention procedures as time-consuming. Thus, socially-valid classroom-based interventions are a critical component to behavioural success. This study examined the effects of traditional behavioural interventions with two kindergarten students presenting with challenging behaviours, including aggression, tantrums and noncompliance. Notably, it was found that traditional behavioural procedures were not sufficient to substantially reduce the behaviours alone. Therefore, a relationship-building component was added to target positive student-teacher relationships. Student outcomes resulted in a significant reduction in challenging behaviour as well as teacher-reported behaviours showing a reduction across all measured periods. Ongoing teacher consultation, increased student-teacher relationships (STRs) and use of effective classroom management strategies are necessary for effective models of behaviour support.     

中国企业对外直接投资模式和绩效的研究述评

改革开放以来,作为走出去战略的一个重要组成部分,中国企业的对外直接投资快速增长。中国已成为世界第八大和新兴国家中最大的对外直接投资输出国。针对中国企业对外直接投资的模式选择和绩效表现,本文总结了国内外最新的研究成果,并指出了今后深入研究的可能方向。     

Special Education in Ireland

ABSTRACT

Special education in Ireland can be understood only against the background of the general system of education which is briefly described at the beginning of this article. While some special provision dates back to the nineteenth century the great expansion of services has happened in the past 30 years. The form of provision reflects the characteristics of the general system. Ireland has no legislation governing special education and the future is not easy to read just now.     

Reviews and Update

Books reviewed:

Bleach, K. Raising Boys’ Achievement in Schools

Farrant, Ann Sibling Bereavement: Helping Children Cope with Loss

Mallon, Brenda Helping Children to Manage Loss: Positive Strategies for Renewal and Growth

Calvert, Mike and Henderson, Jenny (eds) Managing Pastoral Care

Holden, Cathie and Clough, Nick (eds) Children as Citizens: Education for Participation     

网络道德伦理教育——从"供给驱动"到"需求驱动"

网络道德伦理是社会道德伦理的延伸。针对层出不穷的青少年网络道德伦理问题,网络道德伦理教育急切需要从传统的“供给驱动”教育模式向现代的“需求驱动”教育转型,即以需求驱动网络德育,从而更加切实可行地进行和加强网络道德伦理教育。     

浅析学生创造力的培养

“创新是一个民族进步的灵魂，是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力”。面对21世纪知识经济的挑战，创造成为时代的主旋律，开展创新教育、培养学生的创造力才能是教育的伟大使命。     

Reducing disruptive behaviours and improving classroom behavioural climate with class‐wide positive behaviour support in middle schools

Disruptive behaviour in classrooms is a significant challenge for learning in schools and a risk factor for students’ academic achievement and a significant source of teachers’ work‐related stress. Earlier research shows that clear behavioural expectations, monitoring students’ adherence to them and behaviour‐specific praise are effective practices to reduce disruptive behaviour. Although behaviour problems are common in middle schools, most of the interventions have been developed and studied in elementary schools. This randomised study evaluated the effects of a class‐wide intervention on classroom behavioural climate and disruptive behaviour, on teacher‐experienced stress and on the time needed for behaviour management in middle school. The classes were selected for intervention by their teachers on the basis of poor behavioural climate. The intervention was based on teachers’ cooperation; they collectively agreed on clear behavioural expectations, used positive feedback and, if needed, applied consequences in response to high rates of disruptive behaviour. The results indicated medium to large effects on classroom behavioural climate according to teachers’ evaluations, and somewhat more inconsistent effects on classroom behavioural climate according to student evaluations and in the time needed for behaviour management. The behavioural climate of the classes remained at a constant level during the follow‐up. The intervention was well accepted by teachers and students. The results suggest that an easily applicable intervention may produce significant improvements in classroom behavioural climate in middle schools.     

论写作行为与创作行为之区别

写作行为和创作行为是不同的两种行为：一、功利实用性的写作心态和明确的目的性是写作行为非常突出的特征;创作的非目的性、审美性、自由的创作心态是创作行为的重要特质。二、写作行为讲究文章合体,操作上有一定的工艺程序性、规范性;创作则要求时时创新,体式不是最重要的,关键在乎情,创作从根本上来说不可教不可学。三、写作行为偏重于实用思维、理性思维和功利意识,文本上形式服从内容的需要和支配;创作行为主要依仗审美思维,文本上内容和结构同构,形成一种有意味的暗示。     

Voters’ online information behaviour and response to campaign content during the Scottish referendum on independence

Research into the public’s motivations for, and barriers to, the use of referendum campaign sites was carried out in the final weeks before the 2014 vote on Scottish independence. As a qualitative study, drawing on 54 interactive, electronically-assisted interviews, where participants were observed and questioned as they searched for and used information on the websites and social media sites of the campaign groups, the results enable more precise causal inferences to be drawn about voters’ exposure to campaign sites. Results indicate participants value ‘facts’, what they perceive as authoritative voices, the capacity to compare campaign messages directly, infographics and concise, direct information. They are sceptical, particularly about celebrity contributions, preferring expert messages, and uncertain about their personal capacity to evaluate information they will use to make decisions. The authors set out a new model of levels of user engagement with political discourse during campaigns. Results have relevance for governments, as well as researchers in the fields of politics, communications and information management.