大学生对农民工子女的内隐刻板印象研究

本研究采用刻板解释偏差的方法,考察大学生对农民工子女的内隐刻板印象,并以城镇居民子女作为与农民工子女相对应的参照群体.实验结果发现:(1)大学生对农民工子女存在内隐刻板印象;(2)大学生倾向于把农民工子女与刻板印象一致的结果归结于外部因素;倾向于把城镇居民子女与刻板印象一致的结果归结于内部因素,而把与刻板印象不一致的结果归结于外部因素;(3)大学生对农民工子女以及城镇居民子女的刻板印象不存在显著性别差异.     

诱发情绪对注意偏向的影响

以往有关注意偏向的研究大多关注一些特殊人群,本研究考察短时诱发情绪对于正常个体注意偏向的影响。研究发现实验室条件下短时诱发的情绪可以诱发随后的注意偏向,并且不同性别的被试具有不同的反应模式。研究结果可以帮助我们更好地认识和调节自己的心理倾向。     

基于减少语义标注偏差的语义Web服务发现（英文）

为了提高语义Web服务的发现性能,从Web服务描述上下文中抽取语义标注的约束信息并生成新的更精确的语义标注,从而减少语义标注与参数之间的语义偏差,精化Web服务的语义描述.首先,从本体定义中抽取概念的约束模板,并对Web服务的描述文本进行句法分析;然后,根据约束模板,从句法分析树中抽取语义标注的约束信息,并构造新的概念表达式作为对应参数的新的语义标注.最后,提出了一种新的语义相似度度量方法以度量概念表达式的相似度.实验结果表明：该方法能够提高语义Web服务发现的平均准确率,且计算代价相对较小.从描述文本中抽取概念的约束信息,能够减少标注的语义偏差,更精确地表达语义Web服务的语义,提高Web服务的发现性能.     

In and out of home care decisions: The influence of confirmation bias in developing decision supportive reasoning

The aims of this study were to identify the themes Social Workers regard as important in supporting decisions to remove children from, or return them to, the care of their parents. To further elicit underlying hypotheses that are discernible in interpretation of evidence. A case study, comprising a two-part vignette with a questionnaire, recorded demographic information, child welfare attitudes and risk assessments, using scales derived from standardised instruments, was completed by 202 Social Workers in Northern Ireland. There were two manipulated variables, mother's attitude to removal and child's attitude to reunification 2 years later. In this paper we use data derived from respondents’ qualitative comments explaining their reasoning for in and out of home care decisions. Some 60.9% of respondent's chose the parental care option at part one, with 94% choosing to have the child remain in foster care at part two. The manipulated variables were found to have no significant statistical effect. However, three underlying hypotheses were found to underpin decisions; (a) child rescue, (b) kinship defence and (c) a hedged position on calculation of risk subject to further assessment. Reasoning strategies utilised by social workers to support their decision making suggest that they tend to selectively interpret information either positively or negatively to support pre-existing underlying hypotheses. This finding is in keeping with the literature on ‘confirmation bias.’ The research further draws attention to the need to incorporate open questions in quantitative studies, to help guard against surface reading of data, which often does not ‘speak for itself.’     

创业者认知偏差与连续创业的关系研究

 随着中国进入经济社会转型时期,中国的创业活动呈现逐步增长的趋势,诸多创业者们开始走“连续创业”之路。基于创业认知理论,以126名连续创业者的调研数据为依托,探索创业者认知偏差对连续创业行为的作用关系。实证研究结果显示,过度自信和控制错觉等认知偏差对连续创业有积极地影响,但是,事后明白偏差与连续创业的关系呈现负显著,而少数原理等认知偏差与连续创业之间的关系不显著。结果还显示,风险承担倾向对于过度自信、控制错觉、事后明白、少数原理等偏差与连续创业的关系具有调节作用。     

张居正悲剧与明代道德生活

偏执,是明代政治领域道德生活的基本倾向。由于时祖宗家法的偏执遵守,对儒家道德理想的偏执追求以及对宦官的偏执认识,当然也包括张居正自身所具有的偏执精神,最终导致了张居正悲剧的发生。     

离散线性随机系统中的某些问题

研究了离散线性随机系统输入与输出间的关系。证明了任何线性随机系统的输出方差与其控制输入无关,因而在任何意义下,由极小化方差而得最优控制是不可能的。证明了输出与其集点间的期望差,文中定义为输出偏差,依赖于控制信号的选择。基于这种观点,给出了输出偏差极小化的最小偏差(M B)控制器。另一涉及输入输出关系的重要概念是线性随机系统完全i-步输出可达性。给出了由输入-输出随机差分方程所给多变量随机系统完全i-步输出可达的充要条件和检验输出可达性的简易方法。     

Acute coordinative exercise ameliorates general and food-cue related cognitive function in obese adolescents

ABSTRACT

Whether the acute coordinative exercise could affect the inhibitory control and food-cue related attention in obese adolescents remains understudied. Therefore, this study used the Stroop test and the food-cue related Stroop test to explore the impacts of 20 min of acute coordinative exercise on the cognitive tests involving inhibitory control and attentional bias towards food-cue related stimuli, respectively, in obese adolescents. Thirty-eight obese adolescents (mean age = 14.63 ± 0.69 years) were equally divided into exercise and control groups. The cognitive tests (i.e., the Stroop test and the food-cue related Stroop test) and hunger scores were conducted and assessed before and after an intervention. The exercise group had significantly larger negative pre-post response time difference in the congruent (?1.04 ± 0.29 ms) and incongruent (?5.76 ± 1.66 ms) conditions of the Stroop test than the control group (ps < 0.01), and a smaller post-interference (1.13 ± 0.14) than the pre-interference (1.31 ± 0.14, p = 0.04). Moreover, a significantly larger negative pre-post response time difference on the food-cue related Stroop test was observed in the exercise group (?4.42 ± 7.20 ms) than the control group (1.76 ± 8.37 ms, p = 0.02). Collectively, an acute coordinative exercise session could induce superior inhibitory control and less attentional bias towards food-cue related stimuli in obese adolescents.     

中国全要素生产率增长的地区差异及阶段划分--基于偏向型技术进步对1978-2013年的测算和分解

基于时变弹性生产函数,当规模报酬不变时,资本产出弹性等于资本收入份额,劳动产出弹性等于劳动收入份额,并将全要素生产率分解为偏向型技术进步和中性技术进步,采用1978—2013年我国东、中、西部的数据进行实证分析。结果表明：1979—2013年各地区全要素生产率在大部分年份呈下降趋势,全要素生产率增长总体上还是以中性技术进步模式为主;1997年前各地区技术进步表现为劳动偏向型,而1997年后表现为资本偏向型;1997年后资本偏向性技术进步对东部地区全要素生产率增长具有促进作用,而对中、西部地区全要素生产率增长具有抑制作用。技术进步偏向直接影响到我国各地区全要素生产率的增长,提高劳动产出弹性、降低资本产出弹性有助于减缓中、西部地区全要素生产率增长速度的下滑,进而促进各地区经济向集约型发展模式转变。     

The Impact of Narratives on Attitudes toward Muslim Immigrants in the U.S.

ABSTRACT

This study examined the impact of narratives on attitudes toward Muslim immigrants in the U.S. Based on a 2 (content: acceptance vs. rejection) × 2 (narrator: Muslim vs. American) plus control condition design, 479 participants read one of five messages. More contact and positive attribution toward Muslim immigrants was associated less threat and exclusion. The American narrator telling a rejection narrative was the most disliked and received little empathy. Overall, narratives describing Muslim immigrants’ experience of rejection were more impactful on participant intention to engage in pro-social behaviours. This study discussed the implications of narratives in bias reduction efforts.