Intergroup contact and the projection of positivity

Three studies investigated whether intergroup contact reduces prejudice, in part, via the extension of positive attributes that define the self to the outgroup. Study 1 found that positive intergroup contact predicted self-outgroup overlap, and this overlap mediated the contact–attitude relationship. This mediational path was specific to outgroup, but not ingroup, attitudes. In Study 2 we found that it was the attribution of specifically positive, as opposed to negative, traits that mediated the contact–attitude relationship in a model that also included intergroup anxiety. In Study 3 an elaborated model was supported, in which perceived self-other similarity mediated the effects of positive contact on the attribution of positive self-traits. We discuss the findings in the context of recent advances in Intergroup Contact Theory.     

阈值协整参数的完全修正最小二乘估计的小样本性质

本文应用FM-OLS来估计阈值协整参数,并利用Monte-Carlo模拟详细研究了其小样本性质,结果表明FM-OLS法能修正OLS估计的小样本偏差,且数据过程的持久性(均值回复速度)、随机干扰项与解释变量的相关程度以及样本容量是影响FM-OLS小样本性质的主要因素.模拟结果还表明不论是阈值协整还是线性协整,FM-OLS都比OLS估计具有明显优势,因此在宏观经济协整分析中,利用FM-OLS法能获得较准确的参数估计,同时还可以利用标准分布对协整参数进行Wald检验.     

L4970A大功率开关稳压器应用中的安全设计

研究了L4970A的工作原理和主要特点,重点研究了安全设计问题。     

需求不确定的车辆路径鲁棒优化模型

基于顾客需求不确定可能造成确定性条件下最优路径的不可行性,采用鲁棒优化模型解决需求不确定的、有容量限制的车辆路径问题.分析并证明了需求分别属于凸集合和盒子集合两种有界集合下的鲁棒优化模型.建立偏差系数比较鲁棒优化模型和确定性模型的目标函数值.通过实例说明,虽然鲁棒优化模型的最优目标函数值高于确定性模型的,但是能有效保证路径在需求波动下的可行性,模型可行.     

A Case Study in Indigenous Classification: Revisiting and Reviving the Brian Deer Scheme

It is a challenge to classify Indigenous knowledge using conventional library classification systems. An interconnected network of information and ideas needs to be classified in a way that adds structure, but also demonstrates relationships and offers some flexibility. Kahnawake librarian Brian Deer developed a classification system that better reflects an Indigenous worldview and the Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs Resource Centre recently released a new revision of this system. Implementing this new system was a project that produced a model and tools, as well as inspiration that other institutions can use to move toward more culturally appropriate classification.     

Are the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire Scales stable or transient?

Body image is an important concept when assessing mental health and, thus, a target for intervention work. The common approach to assess body image is via self-report and, consequently, it is important to assess stability and susceptibility of items to random change. Participants (N = 99, aged: 18–30 years) completed the 34-item Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) twice, separated by two weeks. Stability was quantified by calculating the test–retest differences for each item, with a stable item showing 90% of respondents’ differences within a criterion of ≤±1. This method was used in preference to correlation, which is a test of association rather than agreement. Analyses identified 29 stable items. Five items were found to be unstable including the entire “Appearance Evaluation” scale. One particular unstable question, Q9 = “Most people would consider me good-looking”, revealed strong associations with both gender and weight status. Forty-four per cent of “overweight” respondents changed their minds by more than ±1 compared with only 10% of “normal-weight” participants, suggesting that being overweight is associated with uncertainty and instability. We suggest that future research is needed to investigate why such factors as being overweight appear to be linked to instability in self-report measures of body image.     

流动儿童与城市儿童社会认知特点比较

采用整群抽样的方法,对浙江省某市450名城市儿童和434名流动儿童的社会认知进行问卷调查.结果表明:流动儿童社会认知三个因子得分均低于城市儿童(P值均0.05);两组儿童总体,男生社会认知三个因子得分均低于女生(P值均0.05),流动男生归因和社会认知结构两个因子得分均低于城市男生(P值均0.05),流动女生社会认知三个因子得分均低于城市女生(P值均0.05);两组儿童总体,社会认知三个因子得分均存在年级差异(P值均0.05).三个年级流动儿童均有单个因子得分低于城市儿童的现象(P值均0.05);两组儿童总体,社会认知三个因子得分均不存在抚养人差异(P值均0.05),但当抚养人是父母时,流动儿童社会认知三个因子得分均低于城市儿童(P值均0.05).因此,应加强对流动儿童,尤其是流动男性儿童社会认知方面的教育和引导.     

The curse of knowledge when teaching statistics

When teaching statistics, educators sometimes overestimate their students' knowledge and abilities. This is due to the curse of knowledge, a cognitive bias that causes people—especially experts—to overestimate how likely others are to know and understand the same things as them. This can lead to various issues, including struggling to communicate with students, and making students feel less comfortable in the classroom. To address this, educators should first identify situations where this bias can affect their teaching. In doing so, they should consider relevant risk factors, and potentially also solicit feedback from relevant individuals. Then, educators can reduce this bias and its impact on their teaching by using techniques such as keeping the curse of knowledge and their audience in mind, assessing students' knowledge, assuming lack of knowledge unless there is strong evidence to the contrary, and avoiding saying that things are obvious.     

宁蒙沿黄地带产业结构的环境污染特征演变分析

宁蒙沿黄地带是我国黄河流域国家级能源原材料基地,也是西北资源型城市及资源型产业密集区之一。与其他资源型产业密集区相比,该区域位于黄河流域中上游的特殊地理位置,使其必须协调好产业结构演进与资源环境刚性约束之间的关系。本文采用产业经济学、统计学、计量经济学、GIS中的相关方法和技术,通过构建工业结构特征偏向指数来分析宁蒙沿黄地带工业结构的环境污染特征,并运用产业多样化指数、相似指数、区位商等指标从工业内部结构出发深入分析其工业结构环境污染特征演变的影响因素。研究结果表明,宁蒙沿黄地带大部分地区工业结构都表现出废水排放强度有所提高、固体废弃物排放强度明显上升的趋势,部分地区的二氧化硫排放强度与粉尘排放强度也有所增强。这种工业结构环境污染特征的演变主要受到以煤炭开采与洗选业为主的重工业高速发展、区域工业结构表现出一定单一化趋势等因素的影响。