Janusz Korczak and the problem(s) of childhood

The recent decision by the Department of Education and Science in the Republic of Ireland to introduce the mandatory testing of children in Irish primary schools provides the broad context for this paper. This decision has particular implications for schools designated as disadvantaged. The main focus of this study is on identifying the strategies used by these children in completing standardised tests. The sample comprises 51, mixed gender, 6^th class children from contrasting ideal type socio–economic urban communities. The findings reveal a considerable level of difficulty on the part of some children in designated disadvantaged schools, with most aspects of the test format and much of the testing process. A number of socio-linguistic and socio-cultural factors are identified that affect children's attainment levels on these tests. Failure to take account of these issues will continue to present an overly crude picture of national attainment patterns and serve only to contribute to the stigmatisation and ghettoisation of children living in marginalised and disadvantaged communities. The paper argues for a broader discussion of the use standardised testing that will take account of the well-established patterns of socio-economic inequality.     

Whose feedback? A multilevel analysis of student completion of end-of-term teaching evaluations

Student evaluation of teaching (SET) is now common practice across higher education, with the results used for both course improvement and quality assurance purposes. While much research has examined the validity of SETs for measuring teaching quality, few studies have investigated the factors that influence student participation in the SET process. This study aimed to address this deficit through the analysis of an SET respondent pool at a large Canadian research-intensive university. The findings were largely consistent with available research (showing influence of student gender, age, specialisation area and final grade on SET completion). However, the study also identified additional influential course-specific factors such as term of study, course year level and course type as statistically significant. Collectively, such findings point to substantively significant patterns of bias in the characteristics of the respondent pool. Further research is needed to specify and quantify the impact (if any) on SET scores. We conclude, however, by recommending that such bias does not invalidate SET implementation, but instead should be embraced and reported within standard institutional practice, allowing better understanding of feedback received, and driving future efforts at recruiting student respondents.     

Associations between students' perceptions of classroom environment and academic efficacy in Australian and British secondary schools

Often, when an evaluation is needed, there is always a tendency to jump into data collection without first considering what might be already available. This paper demonstrates how an existing student database from a large school district could be used to provide some rigorous evidence regarding the impact of a supplementary teacher professional development programme on student achievement. Randomization was not possible in this study but to ensure rigour, matching of the treatment and the comparison groups was done on variables that were considered highly predictive of future achievement. The two groups were matched at the class level on course type, grade level and prior achievement. Next, hierarchical linear modelling was used to further control for selection bias between the two groups. According to the statistical theory on selection bias, this two‐part process of matching and modelling removes all the observed bias. This illustration shows that performing a rigorous quasi‐experimental study is possible in education even when there are limiting circumstances to conducting a randomized experiment.     

基于减少语义标注偏差的语义Web服务发现（英文）

为了提高语义Web服务的发现性能,从Web服务描述上下文中抽取语义标注的约束信息并生成新的更精确的语义标注,从而减少语义标注与参数之间的语义偏差,精化Web服务的语义描述.首先,从本体定义中抽取概念的约束模板,并对Web服务的描述文本进行句法分析;然后,根据约束模板,从句法分析树中抽取语义标注的约束信息,并构造新的概念表达式作为对应参数的新的语义标注.最后,提出了一种新的语义相似度度量方法以度量概念表达式的相似度.实验结果表明：该方法能够提高语义Web服务发现的平均准确率,且计算代价相对较小.从描述文本中抽取概念的约束信息,能够减少标注的语义偏差,更精确地表达语义Web服务的语义,提高Web服务的发现性能.     

MOOC系统中同伴互评过程的优化和应用

目前的MOOC虽然能支持视频课程、论坛、测试评价等功能,但其测试评价仅停留在对客观题的评测上。为了进一步优化MOOC系统的评价体系,强化其对于主观性试题评价的客观性和准确度,在对MOOC本土化的现状和发展方向研究的基础上,构建三种同伴互评过程模型。同时利用Cousera提供的HCI课程的相关数据对各模型依次进行评测。其评测结果与利用Cousera平台的同伴互评系统所得到的相应结果进行比较,准确度有显著提高。     

基于行为经济学的企业赈灾捐赠机制研究

通过引入行为经济学的"短视"认知偏差和贴现因子两个变量,利用双曲线贴现模型研究了企业高管在捐赠行为决策时的机制。研究发现,公司高管任期长且不确定的情况下,一般都积极参与赈灾捐赠活动;公司高管任期短且确定的情况下,大部分对赈灾捐赠活动反映平淡;同时还分析了在捐赠条件相同的情况下,任期长的公司高管比任期短的高管更主动参与捐赠活动的动因。     

Reimagining Obesity

This article draws on Mills’ sociological imagination (from the 1959 publication The Sociological Imagination) to consider the connections between personal trouble and social issues when it comes to the causes and consequences of obesity. These connections may be important for assuaging the “obesity bias” that pervades our discipline, particularly as it manifests in our undergraduate students and influences the ways they will act as future professionals.     

应用于W-CDMA的单片InGaP/GaAs HBT功率放大器

设计了一款微波单片集成电路功率放大器.该放大器采用了一种新颖的在片偏置电路技术,不仅避免了由于电源和温度变化导致的直流偏置点的不稳定,而且补偿了由于输入信号增大所引起的交流偏置点的偏离.电流镜结构的偏置电路与反馈电路使偏置电压维持在一个稳定的状态,在反馈电路中引入一个非反相电路提高了电路增益.通过在偏置管的基极并联一个...     

我国股票市场信息"杠杆效应"的实证研究

为了度量我国股票市场的信息不平衡效应，文章采用Engle ＆ Ng（1993）提出的符号检验方法对我国沪市和深市对信息的不平衡反应进行检测，并估计了不同的GARCH模型，得到关于我国股市价格运行的两点特征：沪市和深市的价格反应模式并不相同，深市表现出明显的负杠杆效应，而沪市则没有表现出明显的杠杆效应。