Search engines and the public use of reason

How should the policies of search engines and other information intermediaries be ethically evaluated? It is argued that Kant’s principles for the public use of reason are useful starting points for the formulation of criteria for such an evaluation. The suggestion is, furthermore, that a search engine can be seen to provide a testimony to the user concerning what information that is most relevant to her query. This suggestion is used as the basis for the development of a broadly Kantian account of a rational searcher. It is argued that the search engine companies are morally required to publish their information policies and act in accordance with them but given the threat of search engine spam they can have no obligation to publish the details of their algorithms.     

Two Poems

Very little information exists regarding the mental health needs of student artists. This study compared psychological symptoms and diagnoses of college students in 3 conservatories (n = 607) with those of college students in traditional colleges and universities (n = 87,105). The study found no difference in psychological symptoms except for increased stress among art students. The study also found that art students in these conservatories were more likely to make use of counseling services than students at traditional schools.     

股评家是先知吗?--基于行为金融理论的股评研究评述

随着股市的发展,股评信息充斥了各种专业性和非专业性报刊、网络、电视台。股评家怎样选股?被股评家推荐的股票的投资价值到底如何?投资者可以根据股评家的投资建议获利吗?本文从行为金融理论的角度阐释了股评家常犯的错误,并系统地回顾了国内外相关股评研究文献的主要成果及其存在的不足,进而提出了进一步的研究方向。     

All "Men" Are Created Equal by the Media On Anti-Female Bias in the News Language

The mass media, namely, radio and television programs, newspaper and websites, plays an important role of broadcasting news, entertaining and educating people. And intentionally, or unintentionally carrying bias. In this male-dominated world,the female are always more often biased. This thesis mainly focuses on the anti-female bias in the news language by giving and discussing the examples selected from different news reports.     

思想政治理论课教学中的“偏科”现象及其克服

当前高校思想政治理论课教学存在着某种＂偏科＂现象,不利于＂2005方案＂的顺利执行。出现这种现象,既有客观上的原因,也有主观上的原因。应通过各种举措,努力克服思政课教学中的＂偏科＂现象,使思想政治理论课真正成为大学生＂真心喜爱,终身受益＂的课程。     

Pre-service teachers’ desire to control bias: Implications for the endorsement of culturally affirming classroom practices

The study integrates social-psychological and educational research to examine the relations between preservice teachers’ race-related perceptions of Black students and the instructional approaches they endorse. Based on survey and race Implicit Association Test data from preservice teachers (N = 258; White = 82%) in the United States, we predicted that the association between motivation to be unprejudiced and motivation to appear unprejudiced would predict endorsement of culturally and motivationally supportive instructional practices via implicit and explicit biases about Black students. Path analyses revealed significant mediated associations among motivation to be unprejudiced and endorsed instructional approaches and practices via explicit bias, contingent on the motivation to appear unprejudiced. Furthermore, it is troubling to note that White preservice teachers, in contrast to their ethnic minority counterparts, displayed significant implicit preference for White over Black students. Implications of these findings for preparing a culturally responsive and motivational supportive teaching task-force are discussed.     

How does teacher bias influence students?: An introduction to the special issue on teachers’ implicit attitudes,instructional practices,and student outcomes

Implicit bias, unconscious beliefs based upon stereotypes and prejudices, has emerged as a useful way to understand and explain issues of discrimination, particularly involving race. The influence of implicit bias has been explored in various academic disciplines and numerous contexts, including education. Despite the burgeoning research literature, there is limited research on the role implicit bias plays within the classroom. The goal of this special issue is to broaden and challenge the current thinking on teacher implicit bias and attitudes as well as their influence on students.     

民办高校毕业生就业偏见现象的表现、根源与解决

民办高校毕业生在求职过程中所经历的就业偏见问题是一个较为普遍存在的社会现象。文章从历史、区域、体制和主体等维度来分析民办高校毕业生就业偏见问题的存在根源,并提出了涉及教育制度和政策、观念转变、民办高校及其毕业生主体性提升的解决途径。     

暴力电子游戏使用者对攻击性相关线索的注意偏向

以攻击性词和中性词为刺激材料,采用情绪Stroop范式,考察不同电子游戏使用者对攻击性相关刺激的注意加工特性。结果发现,暴力电子游戏组对攻击性词的反应时显著长于非暴力电子游戏组,但两组被试对中性词的反应时没有显著差异;暴力电子游戏组对攻击性词的反应时要显著长于中性词,而非暴力电子游戏组对两类词的反应时差异不显著;在暴力电子游戏组中,高低攻击特质被试对攻击性词的反应时都显著长于中性词,而在非暴力电子游戏组中,高攻击特质被试和低攻击特质被试对两类词的反应时差异不显著。结果表明,暴力电子游戏组被试对攻击性词存在明显的注意偏向。     

Speciesist language and nonhuman animal bias in English Masked Language Models

Warning: This paper contains examples of offensive language, including insulting or objectifying expressions.Various existing studies have analyzed what social biases are inherited by NLP models. These biases may directly or indirectly harm people, therefore previous studies have focused only on human attributes. However, until recently no research on social biases in NLP regarding nonhumans existed. In this paper,¹ we analyze biases to nonhuman animals, i.e. speciesist bias, inherent in English Masked Language Models such as BERT. We analyzed speciesist bias against 46 animal names using template-based and corpus-extracted sentences containing speciesist (or non-speciesist) language. We found that pre-trained masked language models tend to associate harmful words with nonhuman animals and have a bias toward using speciesist language for some nonhuman animal names. Our code for reproducing the experiments will be made available on GitHub.²