艺术作品中面部表情不对称与情绪的脑半球偏侧化

情绪脑半球功能偏侧化研究领域中有一个较为有趣的方面——面部表情的不对称.面部不对称的相关研究揭示,面部左侧与右侧在情绪表达方面会显示出差异.有关面部表情的不对称,研究者专门做了有意表情和无意表情的区分,相应的研究结果也分别与情绪脑半球功能偏侧化的理论模型相关联.最后,结合以上研究,对艺术作品中人物肖像“左侧偏好”的原因进行了分析和总结.     

Gendered inequalities in competitive grant funding: an overlooked dimension of gendered power relations in academia

ABSTRACT

Research grant funding influences the organisation of academic work and academic careers. We problematise general approaches to gender bias in research grant funding and argue that it fails to include the wider structures of inequality and the unequal gendered power relations in academia. Approaching the subject with gender budgeting we challenge assumed gender-neutral practices. The objective is to illuminate how the gendered funding system and (the previous and subsequent) gendered structures of academia are maintained. The whole grants scheme is assessed, drawing on statistical data collected on the whole population of a medium-size, comprehensive research and educational institution in Iceland, and two types of competitive grants. The data is measured against the pool of applicants and comparisons within and between fields and ranks are made. By including the structures of inequality and the gendered power relations, the results show how the funding system is biased not only in favour of men, but towards the male-dominated and culturally masculine positions and fields. This approach illustrates the need to address the whole academic system in order to challenge the norms that maintain and reproduce gender inequalities.     

确认并讨论研究方法中可能出现的误差

在任何学术研究中第一手资料和第二手资料的研究都是必要的。所有的资料来源于这些研究,这些研究也给学术的调查提供了主要的资源。因此,每一位研究人员都应该认识到自己调查研究中会出现的一些偏差。这篇文章就是针对调研中可能出现的一些偏差进行了一定的研究和解释,并且讨论了怎样可以使其降低至最少并介绍了一些可能办法。     

个体在剪纸文化内涵认知方面的偏差研究

[目的/意义] 以剪纸作品为载体,通过探究不同个体在剪纸文化内涵认知上存在的偏差,了解在传统文化传播过程中导致个人对传统文化内涵认知的差异化的因素,以期能在传统文化的内涵识别、精准传播方面获得有益启示。[方法/过程] 通过眼动实验、问卷调查获取样本数据,采用方差分析判定影响个体对剪纸文化内涵认知的潜在因素。[结果/结论] 研究发现,文化程度、学科背景、对剪纸文化的了解程度、家庭文化氛围等因素会影响个体对剪纸文化内涵的识别,而性别则不会影响。在此基础上,就如何进行传统文化精准化传播给出建议。     

数学观的内隐认知研究探析

学生的数学观由数学知识观、数学学习观和数学自我概念3部分构成.在数学教学改革和内隐社会认知大行其道的背景下,把内隐社会认知和数学观的研究结合起来,了解学生内隐的数学自我概念是必要的.采用内隐联想测验和刻板印象解释偏差这两种内隐认知测量方法测量学生的内隐数学自我概念是可行的.未来研究中还可以尝试用其它内隐认知研究方法研究数学观.     

Do gender and physical attractiveness affect college grades?

In this study, data on grades awarded for bachelor and master theses at a large Polish university were used to identify possible discrimination on gender or physical attractiveness. The focus is on the gap between the grades awarded by the advisor (who knows the student personally) and the referee (who typically does not, so that gender is less salient and attractiveness is not observable). This provides an excellent control for actual quality of the work, which is often problematic in previous literature. Observations on nearly 15,000 students are available, of which some 2600 also have their physical attractiveness rated and are included in the analysis. It can thus be checked if the advisor–referee grade gap depends on students’ gender and attractiveness, also in interaction with their genders. Based on stereotypes discussed in the literature one can hypothesise that females are treated relatively favourably by advisors (and males by referees). Likewise, it can be expected that physically attractive individuals’ advisors award them relatively high grades. Overall, we observe some evidence that females indeed get relatively high grades from advisors and no evidence of influence of physical attractiveness.     

PUBLICATION BIAS: THE ACHILLES' HEEL OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS?

ABSTRACT:  The term 'publication bias' usually refers to the tendency for a greater proportion of statistically significant positive results of experiments to be published and, conversely, a greater proportion of statistically significant negative or null results not to be published. It is widely accepted in the fields of healthcare and psychological research to be a major threat to the validity of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Some methodological work has previously been undertaken, by the author and others, in the field of educational research to investigate the extent of the problem. This paper describes the problem of publication bias with reference to its history in a number of fields, with special reference to the area of educational research. Informal methods for detecting publication bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of controlled trials are outlined and retrospective and prospective methods for dealing with the problem are suggested.     

论科学课程的社会建构观--国外科学课程研究的最新发展及启示

本文从科学哲学、科学知识社会学以及实在论的建构主义等的研究出发,阐述了科学知识是由社会建构的;并通过对科学课程形成的主体分析论述了科学课程也是由社会建构的,并指出了树立科学课程的社会建构观所具有的教育意义.     

Creating Respectful Classroom Environments

Creating respectful classroom environments Respect is a critical variable in education. It is critical to each individual child in the classroom environment as well as to the teaching and learning that takes place in the classroom. Children learn by example. Where do they get their examples? This article explores the parameters of teaching and encouraging respect in classrooms for young children. Emphasis is placed on the creation of respectful classroom environments taught by teachers who have themselves been prepared to nurture this kind of environment.     

Moving Beyond the Lecture: Inspiring Social Justice Engagement through Counter-Story Using Case Study Pedagogy

Abstract

The paper examines participant perceptions of the effectiveness of using case studies with college students (undergraduate – doctoral) to teach social justice and educational equity. Findings indicate that participants who identified with the characters in the cases were able to draw connections between the case and their own personal experiences. They felt the cases broadened their understanding of the topics and increased their sense of empathy and their commitment to principles of social justice.