通经草总黄酮含量及抗炎作用研究

以70%乙醇为提取溶剂,超声提取温度为60℃,料液比为1:30,采用先浸泡再水浴加热后超声的方法提取通经草不同部位的总黄酮,然后通过小鼠耳肿胀实验,比较通经草不同部位的抗炎作用。结果表明,通经草根中总黄酮的含量为2.37%,茎中总黄酮的含量为3.05%,叶中总黄酮的含量为5.10%。通经草不同部位高、中剂量提取液均能显著抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀,与阴性对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。表明通经草有显著的抗炎作用,抗炎作用强弱依次为叶>茎>根。     

基于等标污染负荷法的工业废水污染源分析与评价——以绵阳市为例

对2013年绵阳市工业废水污染源及其污染物的年排放量进行了调查,并采用等标污染负荷法对其进行评价,分析了绵阳市的水污染特征.结果表明,绵阳市的主要工业污染物为COD、氨氮和石油类,主要工业废水污染源有24家企业,黑色金属铸造业废水污染源排列首位.该研究结果可为绵阳市的水环境保护及污染源总量控制提供科学、合理的依据.     

总铝浓度对聚合氯化铝中Al形态分布的影响

通过微量加碱法制备了具有不同总铝浓度、相同碱化度的聚合氯化铝（PAC）溶液.然后通过Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法以及废水混凝实验,分析了不同条件下制备的PAC样品中各种铝形态的含量及混凝效果.结果表明：高的总铝浓度有利于聚合度较高的铝形态的形成,但过高会导致不溶性氢氧化铝沉淀的含量过高,从而影响其混凝效果.常温条件下,碱化度为2.5时,总铝浓度为0.5 mol/L条件下制备的的PAC溶液混凝效果最好.     

基于Malmquist TFP指数的中国高校科研生产绩效评价

Malmquist TFP指数能够较好地测度高校科研活动的生产绩效,而且有助于探讨这种绩效演变的源泉。以数据包络分析法为基础,运用面板数据来确定高校科研活动的生产前沿,改善这一分析框架,并以2003-2007年间中国各省的高校科研活动为例进行实证分析。其结论表明:在我国各省的高校科研活动中,普遍低下的技术效率总体上呈恶化趋势,但也存在明显的追赶效应;技术水平基本上都经历了一个逐步放慢的提高过程;全要素生产率具有较大的省际差距,但此差距在逐步缩小;技术进步是高校改善科研绩效的主要原因,而其恶化的根源在于技术效率降低。     

Graphicacy in biology textbooks: analysis of activities with images / Alfabetización gráfica en libros de texto de biología: análisis de las actividades con imágenes

The aim of this study is to analyse how graphicacy is promoted through activities with images of the human body in third to sixth year primary school textbooks from three different publishers. The analysis was based on categories related to type of image, type of task, procedures, cognitive processing level required and whether there are explicit instructions on how to use the image. The results show that illustrations and visual diagrams are the most frequent images. The main task is image interpretation, whereas production tasks are scarce. Moreover, the tasks are not evenly distributed among the different procedures. The processing level required is low and requires superficial processing of the images, resulting in a learning process based on copy and repetition. There is some evidence of activities being sequenced according to educational level. We conclude that the kind of graphicacy found in the textbook activities is insufficient for acquiring competence in the use of images.     

How students reason about matter flows and accumulations in complex biological phenomena: An emerging learning progression for mass balance

In recent years, there has been a strong push to transform STEM education at K-12 and collegiate levels to help students learn to think like scientists. One aspect of this transformation involves redesigning instruction and curricula around fundamental scientific ideas that serve as conceptual scaffolds students can use to build cohesive knowledge structures. In this study, we investigated how students use mass balance reasoning as a conceptual scaffold to gain a deeper understanding of how matter moves through biological systems. Our aim was to lay the groundwork for a mass balance learning progression in physiology. We drew on a general models framework from biology and a covariational reasoning framework from math education to interpret students' mass balance ideas. We used a constant comparative method to identify students' reasoning patterns from 73 interviews conducted with undergraduate biology students. We helped validate the reasoning patterns identified with >8000 written responses collected from students at multiple institutions. From our analyses, we identified two related progress variables that describe key elements of students' performances: the first describes how students identify and use matter flows in biology phenomena; the second characterizes how students use net rate-of-change to predict how matter accumulates in, or disperses from, a compartment. We also present a case study of how we used our emerging mass balance learning progression to inform instructional practices to support students' mass balance reasoning. Our progress variables describe one way students engage in three dimensional learning by showing how student performances associated with the practice of mathematical thinking reveal their understanding of the core concept of matter flows as governed by the crosscutting concept of matter conservation. Though our work is situated in physiology, it extends previous work in climate change education and is applicable to other scientific fields, such as physics, engineering, and geochemistry.     

Isolation,resilience, and faith: Experiences of Black Christian students in biology graduate programs

To increase participation of students of color in science graduate programs, research has focused on illuminating student experiences to inform ways to improve them. In biology, Black students are vastly underrepresented, and while religion has been shown to be a particularly important form of cultural wealth for Black students, Christianity is stigmatized in biology. Very few studies have explored the intersection of race/ethnicity and Christianity for Black students in biology where there is high documented tension between religion and science. Since graduate school is important for socialization and Black students are likely to experience stigmatization of their racial and religious identity, it is important to understand their experiences and how we might be able to improve them. Thus, we interviewed 13 Black Christian students enrolled in biology graduate programs and explored their experiences using the theoretical lens of stigmatized identities. Through thematic content analysis, we revealed that students negotiated experiences of cultural isolation, devaluation of intelligence, and acts of bias like other racially minoritized students in science. However, by examining these experiences at the intersection of race/ethnicity and religion, we shed light on interactions students have had with faculty and peers within the biology community that cultivated perceptions of mistrust, conflict, and stigma. Our study also revealed ways in which students' religious/spiritual capital has positively supported their navigation through biology graduate school. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of why Black Christian graduate students are more likely to leave or not pursue advanced degrees in biology with implications for research and practice that help facilitate their success.     

环境管制与中国农业全要素生产率增长研究

利用中国省际面板数据,将农业面源污染和碳排放作为"坏产出"指标纳入农业全要素生产率测算中,采用Malmquist-Luenberger指数分析2001—2010年考虑环境因素下中国30个省市区的农业全要素生产率及其分解成分,并探讨考虑环境因素下中国农业全要素生产率演变的影响因素。研究结果表明:考虑环境因素的中国农业全要素生产率呈增长趋势,但表现出较大的波动性,其动力主要来源于技术进步;从地区差异来看,考虑环境因素下中国农业全要素生产率呈现东、中、西部地区依次递减;农村经济发展水平、农业产业结构变动、农业基础设施投资对考虑环境因素下中国农业全要素生产率有显著影响,而环境管制影响则不显著。     

纳入土地要素的中国全要素生产率再估算及收敛性分析

虽然全要素生产率被视为狭义经济增长质量,但相关研究不仅长期忽略土地要素,而且研究视角多为数量、能源或环境等。为完整反映"质量"涵义,有必要将能源、环境和土地要素一并纳入到DEA-Malmquist模型。基于质量视角,本文测算了中国29个地区1996-2011年的质量Malmquist指数,并以此为基础分析了区域质量全要素生产率的时空差异和收敛性特征。研究表明:相对于传统视角,质量视角下的全要素生产率显著降低,技术进步是其上升的主因,但技术效率有所下降。技术效率差异导致了各地区经济增长效率的差距;只有中部地区存在σ收敛;各地区均存在绝对β收敛,除西部外的其它地区均存在条件β收敛。     

关于完善吉林省污染物排放许可制的建议

"十二五"期间全省面临污染减排的严峻形势,污染物排放总量控制管理能否完成《国家环境保护"十二五"规划》的目标、任务,其核心手段之一是发放排污许可证。为进一步完善我省的污染物排放许可证制度,有效防治环境污染和生态破坏,从理顺工作机制、完善协作机制、加强队伍建设、加强资金管理及加大宣教力度等五个方面提出相关措施及建议。