Exploring the Potential Role of Chemopreventive Agent,Hesperetin Conjugated Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles in Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Male Wistar Albino Rats

Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and is still one of the leading causes of death world wide, due to food additives, alcohol, fungal toxins, air, toxic industrial chemicals, and water pollutants. Chemopreventive drugs play a potential role in liver cancer treatment. Obviously in the production of anticancer drugs, the factors like poor solubility, bioavailability, biocompatibility, limited chemical stability, large amount of dose etc., plays a major role. Against this backdrop, the idea of designing the chemopreventive nature of bio flavanoid hesperetin (HP) drug conjugated with pegylated gold nanoparticles to increasing the solubility, improve bioavailability and enhance the targeting capabilities of the drug during diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced liver cancer in male wistar albino rats. The dose fixation studies and the toxicity of pure HP and HP conjugated gold nanoparticles (Au-mPEG₍₅₀₀₀₎-S-HP) were analysed. After concluded the dose fixation and toxicity studies the experimental design were segregated in six groups for the anticancer analysis of DEN induced HCC for 16 weeks. After the experimental period the body weight, relative liver weight, number of nodules and size of nodules, the levels of tumor markers like CEA, AFP and the level of lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. The administration of DEN to rats resulted in increased relative liver weight and serum marker enzymes aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. The levels of lipid peroxides elevated (in both serum and tissue) with subsequent decrease in the final body weight and tissue antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidise, and glutathione reductase. HP supplementation (20 mg/kg b.wt) significantly attenuated these alterations, thereby showing potent anticancer effect in liver cancer and the HP loaded gold nanoparticels (Au-mPEG₍₅₀₀₀₎-S-HP) treated animals shows the better treatment than the pure HP due to the solubility of drug, bioavailability and the target drug delivery of the biodegradable polymer. Histological observations were also carried out, which added supports to the chemopreventive action of the pure HP and HP loaded gold nanoparticles (Au-mPEG₍₅₀₀₀₎-S-HP) against DEN induction during liver cancer progression. These findings suggest that HP loaded gold nanoparticels (Au-mPEG₍₅₀₀₀₎-S-HP) shows better efficacy than the pure HP against lipid peroxidation, hepatic cell damage and protects the antioxidant system in DEN induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

单克隆抗体MC3用于大肠癌和腺瘤的免疫组织化学研究及其预后意义

用单克隆抗体MC_3在福尔马林固定的48例大肠癌、31例癌变腺瘤、42例伴有不典型增生腺瘤、40例腺瘤、13例息肉以及48例正常肠粘膜组织切片上用免疫组化(PAP)法检测,结果MC_3相应抗原的表达阳性率分别为93.8％(45/48)、80.65％ (25/31)、47.62％ (20/42)、37.5％(15/40),其阳性率差异有非常显著性(P<0.001).48例正常肠粘膜均为阴性.MC_3在大肠癌组织中的反应程度与患者3年生存率有关,差异有显著意义(P<0.05).MC_3反应强度在高分化肠癌组与中～低分化肠癌组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05).在绒毛状腺瘤、混合性腺瘤和管状腺瘤中MC_3相应抗原表达阳性率分别为71.4％(25/35)、60.0％(9/15)、41.3(26/63),差异有显著性(p<0.05).绒毛状腺瘤、混合性腺瘤和管状腺瘤其癌变率分别为45.7％(16/35)、13.3％(2/15)、20.6％(13/63),其癌变率比较差异有显著性(P<0.05).     

早期宫颈癌耐药基因与临床预后关系回顾性研究

目的：探讨耐药基因p-糖蛋白（p-gp）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST-Ⅱ）、拓扑异构酶Ⅱ（TOpoⅡ）、胸苷酸合成酶（TS）在宫颈癌中的表达及临床意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法检测65例宫颈癌中p-gp、TOpoⅡ、GST-π、TS的表达，并分析其与临床预后之间的关系。结果：p-gp的表达与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05），与UICC分期、局部复发无关（P〉0．05）；TOpoⅡ的表达与淋巴结转移、局部复发有关（P〈0．05），与肿瘤分化程度、UICC分期无关（P〉0．05）；GST-π的表达与各个指标之间均存在相关（P〈0．05）；TS与淋巴结转移、UICC分期有关（P〈0．05），与局部复发、肿瘤分化无关（P〉0．05）。经多因素COX比例风险模型分析显示：局部复发、淋巴结转移及TOPOⅡ、GST-π的表达与宫颈癌患者术后生存率有关（P〈0．05）。结论：宫颈癌中p-gp、TOpoⅡ、GST-π、TS的联合检测对判断宫颈癌的预后十分必要；局部复发、淋巴结转移及TOpoⅡ、GST-π的表达可作为宫颈癌患者独立的预后因素。     

HAND-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC NEPHROURETERECTOMY:INITIAL CASE REPORT

ＣａｓｅＲｅｐｏｒｔ:Ａ 4 7 ｙｅａｒ ｏｌｄｍａｎｈａｄｗｉｔｈａｎｉｎｔｅｒｍｉｔｔｅｎｔｇｒｏｓｓｈｅｍａｔｕｒｉａｆｏｒｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｏｎｅｙｅａｒ.Ｏｎｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｅｘａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｔｈｅｋｉｄｎｅｙｓｗｅｒｅｎｏｔｐａｌｐａｂｌｅａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｗｅｒｅｎｏｂｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｃｏｓｔｏｖｅｒ ｔｅｂｒａｌａｎｇｌｅｔｅｎｄｅｒｎｅｓｓ.Ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｗｅｒｅｎｏｒｍａｌｅｘｃｅｐｔｆｏｒｈｅｍａｔｕｒｉａ .Ｓｕｓ ｐｅｃｔｅｄｃａｎｃ…     

Lymphotactin enhances the in-vitro immune efficacy of dendritoma formed by dendritic cells and mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Objective: To investigate the in-vitro antitumor immune responses of dendritoma formed by mouse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and lymphotactin (Lptn) gene modified dendritic cells (DCs). Method: DCs prepared from mouse bone marrow were genetically modified by lymphotactin adenovirus, and fused with H22 cells by polyethylene glycol (PEG). RT-PCR and ELISA were employed to identify lymphotactin expression at mRNA and protein level. Cell phenotypes and fusion efficiency was detected by FACS. The stimulatory effect of DC on T cells was detected by mixed lymphocyte reaction. The cytotoxicity activity against H22 cells was assayed by LDH method. Results: Lymphotactin could be efficiently expressed by DCLptn/H22 hybridoma. DCLptn/H22 cells could induce potent T cell proliferation effect and generate strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) reaction against allogenic H22 cells. Conclusion: Lymphotactin genetic modification could enhance the in vitro immune activity of the dendritoma.     

大肠癌组织中p53基因的表达及意义

采用S-P免疫组织化学的方法,配对检测了37例大肠癌组织及同一病人的正常粘膜上皮中p53蛋白的表达情况。结果表明,p53蛋白表达阳性19例,阴性18例,阳性率为51.4％,而配对的大肠正常粘膜检测结果均呈p53阴性;p53蛋白表达与病人性别、年龄、Dukes分期等因素无明显相关性,而与淋巴结转移、浸润深度和不同分化程度等存在明显相关性。提示p53蛋白的检测可以作为大肠癌病人病情诊断和预后分析的辅助手段。     

Role of CD97stalk and CD55 as molecular markers for prognosis and therapy of gastric carcinoma patients

Objectives: To explore the mechanism of development and aggressiveness in gastric carcinomas by investigating the expression and role of CD97 and its cellular ligand CD55 in gastric carcinomas. Methods: Tumor and corresponding normal mucosal tissue, collected from 39 gastric carcinoma patients, were examined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR for the expression of CD97 and CD55. Results: CD97stalk was strongly stained on scattered tumor cells or small tumor cell clusters at the invasion front of gastric carcinomas. The expression of CD97stalk was frequently observed in tumors of stage Ⅰ and T1 gastric carcinoma patients. The expression of CD97stalk between Stage Ⅰ and Stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ specimens showed significant difference (P＜0.05), between T1 and T2, T3, T4 specimens also showed significant difference (P＜0.05). Specimens with tumor invasion depth limited in mucosa of T 1 specimens showed higher positive CD55 expression than specimens with the same tumor invasion depth in T2, T3, T4 specimens, the expression of CD55 between T1 and T2, T3, T4 specimens was significantly different (P＜0.05).There was strong correlation between the distribution patterns of CD97stalk and CD55 on tumor tissues (r=0.73, P＜0.05). Signet ring cell carcinomas frequently contained strong CD97stalk and CD55-staining. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CD97stalk is probably involved in the growth, invasion and aggressiveness of gastric carcinomas by binding its cellular ligand CD55. CD97stalk and CD55 could be useful as molecular markers for prognosis and therapy of gastric carcinoma patients.     

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and association with Epstein-Barr virus infection

Objective: To evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the association between MMP9 and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Methods: The MMP9 expression was studied by immunohistochemical analysis; and Epstein-Barr virus encoded small nuclear mRNA-1 (EBER-1) produced by in situ hybridization were examined in 41 nasopharyngeal carcinoma sections, and the relation between them, and the associations of MMP9 with clinical features were statistically analyzed. Results: Positive expression rate of MMP9 was 73.17%. The expression of MMP9 showed significant positive correlation with the expression of EBER- 1 (γ=0.483, P=0.001). There was significant association of MMP9 expression with lymph nodes metastasis and clinical stage (P＜0.001), non-significant association with age, gender, pathological classification and T classification. Conclusions: The highly pronounced expression of MMP9 is associated with cervical lymph nodes metastasis. Epstein-Barr virus can enhance NPC metastasis by up-regulating the expression of MMP9.     

热休克蛋白27在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的:研究热休克蛋白27(Heat Shock Protein27)在乳腺癌中的表达.方法:采用免疫组化方法检测48例乳腺癌组织中的HSP27.结果:HSP27在乳腺癌中阳性表达率为54.17%(26/48).在非浸润性癌和浸润性癌中阳性表达率为75.00%(3/4)和52.27%(23/44).HSP27阳性表达在非浸润性癌和浸润性癌中无明显差别(P＞0.05).HSP27阳性表达与有无淋巴结转移无关(P＞0.05).结论:在乳腺癌中HSP27有较高表达,检测乳腺癌中HSP27对化疗有指导作用.     

P_(53)、PCNA在胃粘膜中的表达及其与胃癌发生的关系

目的为探讨P_(53)、PCNA抗原在胃粘膜中的表达情况及其与胃癌发生的关系方法：应用LsAB免疫织化方法对80例胃粘膜进行了检测结果显了胃癌中P_(53)、PCNA强阳性表达率（80％、93．3％）明显高于异型增生（467％,53．3％）异型增生中P_(53)、PCNA强阳性表达率明显高于慢性萎缩性胃炎及慢性浅表性胃炎．结论研究结果表明,检测P_(53)、PCNA在肖粘膜中的不同表达,对胃癌发生机理的认识有重要意义．