Preanalytical phase--a continuous challenge for laboratory professionals

Preanalytical phase is the most vulnerable part of the total testing process and is considered to be among the greatest challenges to the laboratory professionals. However, preanalytical activities, management of unsuitable specimens and reporting policies are not fully standardized, nor harmonized worldwide. Several standards related to blood sampling and sample transportation and handling are available, but compliance to those guidelines is low, especially outside the laboratory and if blood sampling is done without the direct supervision of the laboratory staff. Furthermore, for some most critical procedures within the preanalytical phase, internationally accepted guidelines and recommendations as well as related quality measures are unfortunately unavailable. There is large heterogeneity in the criteria for sample rejection, the different strategies by which unacceptable samples are managed, processed and test results reported worldwide. Management of unacceptable specimens warrants therefore immediate harmonization. Alongside the challenging and long road of patient safety, preanalytical phase offers room for improvement, and Editors at Biochemia Medica Journal definitely hope to continue providing a respective mean for reporting studies on different preanalytical phase topics. With pleasure and delight we invite potential future authors to submit their articles examining the quality of various preanalytical activities to Biochemia Medica. We will keep nurturing this topic as our prominent feature and by this we hope to be able to deliver valid evidence for some future guidelines and recommendations.     

学校体育对高校男生的肥胖干预研究

目的：基于校园体育俱乐部为载体,考虑学生的体育锻炼兴趣,探讨本运动干预方案对高校肥胖男生身体形态指标、血液生化指标的影响;方法：18～20岁肥胖大一男生共35名,按照BMI和个人意愿分为运动干预组（NE）和对照组（NC）,NE组进行有组织的90天、运动量递减（1～30天,大运动量;31～90天,小运动量）的运动干预。分别于运动前、30天后和90天后进行体格测试和空腹血脂、血糖和胰岛素水平检测。结果：1）NE组学生BMI、体脂率、腰围在经过30天和90天两个阶段综合干预后显著下降（P〈0.05）,NC组则前后变化不明显;2）NE组学生血清TG水平在30天后和90天后均显著下降（P〈0.05）,血清TC水平在90天后显著下降（P〈0.01）,LDL-C水平在90天后均显著下降（P〈0.01）,NE组HDL-C水平则无显著性变化（P〈0.05）;3）NE组学生空腹血糖和血清胰岛素水平在30后及90天后均出现显著下降（P〈0.01）,NC组则变化不明显。结论：基于校园俱乐部为载体的本运动干预模式可以有效降低学生的肥胖程度,改善其身体形态、血液生化指标,具有增进身体健康的作用。     

Acute cardiovascular responses to interval exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

Interval exercise training is increasingly recommended to improve health and fitness; however, it is not known if cardiovascular risk is different from continuous exercise protocols. This systematic review with meta-analyses assessed the effect of a single bout of interval exercise on cardiovascular responses that indicate risk of cardiac fibrillation and infarction compared to continuous exercise. Electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane were searched. Key inclusion criteria were: (1) intervals of the same intensity and duration followed by a recovery period and (2) reporting at least one of blood pressure, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness or function. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE approach were used. Meta-analyses found that systolic blood pressure responses to interval exercise did not differ from responses to continuous exercise immediately (MD 8 mmHg [95% CI ?32, 47], p = 0.71) or at 60 min following exercise (MD 0 mmHg [95% CI ?2, 1], p = 0.79). However, reductions in diastolic blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation with interval exercise were observed 10–15 min post-exercise. The available evidence indicates that interval exercise does not convey higher cardiovascular risk than continuous exercise. Further investigation is required to establish the safety of interval exercise for clinical populations.     

SPOC整合翻转课堂教学模式在输血与输血技术课程中的应用和效果评价

探索解决输血与输血技术课程中知识点复杂、实践性强、教学效果不理想等问题的教学新模式,以期提升学生将医学理论知识和临床技能结合用于分析解决临床实际问题的能力.     

高血压危象

高血压是以体循环动脉压增高为主要表现的临床综合征,目前全国高血压患者1.6亿,据统计心血管病已成为中国首位死因,高血压为第一危险因素,因此积极发现和控制高血压和有效预防相关并发症是降低病死率的关键之一.     

谈高血压病的治疗

文章着重讨论了高血压病现代治疗的常用药物、药物的合理使用、治疗原则及降压目标．同时就高血压病治疗模式的演变及今后治疗方向作了简要论述．     

Labview在微循环流速测量中的应用

探讨了一个基于Labview图像处理模块的微循环流速测量软件系统的构建,并提供了一种无须跟踪同一个血细胞来测量微循环血细胞流速的方法。     

蛭类吸血特性和分子进化初探

将云南牛蛭（P.yunnanensis）水蛭素基因的克隆测序结果与前人所报导的20个抗凝血因子和相对应的种属线粒体细胞色素氧化酶片段I（COI）比对,构建NJ进化树,以对吸血蛭类的分子进化机制及舌蛭科和医蛭亚目吸血特性的起源进行探究．结果表明：蛭类凝血抑制因子按相似性可分为以Hirudin家族蛋白和Antistasin蛋白家族为基础的两大类群;吻蛭目和无吻蛭目的吸血特性虽然起源不同,但可能共有一套相同位点的遗传基因．     

Oxidant and antioxidant status in vegetarians and fish eaters

An adequate antioxidant reserve which is usually present in a vegetarian diet is associated with higher life expectancy. On the other hand habitual consumption of fish is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular diseases which is attributed to the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present in it. However the PUFA are readily susceptible to oxidation leading to the formation of free radicals which is known to be involved in the causation of several diseases. The oxidant-antioxidant status of 23 vegetarians and 22 fish eaters was studied by determining the plasma lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidants, viz. glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid, ceruloplasmin and uric acid. Results show that the ascorbic acid values were significantly higher in vegetarians. In addition, MDA correlated negatively with ascorbic acid only in vegetarians. However, correlation of MDA with glutathione showed a significant negative correlation only in fish eaters. There was no statistically significant difference in the MDA, GSH, ceruloplasmin and uric acid levels. The mechanism behind these findings are not clear and needs to be explored.     

元极学与针灸学的内在关联

根据元极学理论，结合针灸学原理及其医疗实施加以研讨，可知元极图理论对于认识，掌握，运化人体经络气血的功能富有启示；人天整体观，和率等对于掌握和运用天时，地利、人和和条件进行针灸的医疗实施富有启示。