我国速滑冬奥会选手改进有氧训练的个性化研究——第20届冬奥会速滑科研攻关思考之一

研究目的：针对冬季奥运会速度滑冰500m项目比赛规程变化的新情况,为提高我国奥运选手有氧代谢能力与血乳酸清除的效率,以适应比赛规则的变化,探索适合优秀速滑短距离选手个人特点的有氧训练新途径。研究方法：采用血乳酸控制训练负荷的方法,对2名参加冬奥会选手改进后的有氧训练过程进行实时监控,并通过不同赛季的比较对有氧训练改进的效果进行判定。研究结果：有氧训练改进后,2005～2006赛季与2004～2005赛季相比,王曼利500m成绩提高0.75s,15min血乳酸峰值浓度下降了2mmol/L,30min血乳酸峰值浓度下降了0.6mmol/L;于凤桐500m成绩提高了0.51s,15min血乳酸峰值浓度下降了1.8mmol/L,30min血乳酸峰值浓度下降了1.4mmol/L。研究结论：有氧训练的改进,提高了运动员机体血乳酸清除效率,使其能在最短时间将血乳酸降至较低水平,达到了适应冬奥会比赛日程变化的目的。     

太极拳运动对2型糖尿病患者血脂成分及胰岛素抵抗的影响

为了进一步揭示太极拳锻炼对2型糖尿病影响的机制,文章以16名中老年肥胖者为对象,观察了太极拳锻炼前后血脂成分和胰岛素敏感性等指标的变化,经过20周太极拳运动后,患者血清TG、LDL-C、GHbA1c、FPG等成分明显降低,HDL-C水平则明显升高(p<0.01),ISI明显下降,说明太极拳运动可以改善2型糖尿病患者血脂成分,有助于胰岛素抵抗功能的改善。     

运动性贫血及营养干预对大鼠红细胞老化的影响

目的:观察长时间递增负荷运动后以及营养干预对大鼠红细胞老化的影响,试图探讨运动性贫血的发生机制以及相关的防治方法。方法:本实验在大鼠运动性贫血模型的基础上,选取唾液酸(SA)、丝氨酸磷脂(PS)外翻率的测定,并结合激光共聚焦技术研究红细胞的老化。结果:运动性贫血时大鼠红细胞唾液酸(SA)较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),丝氨酸磷脂(PS)外翻率较对照组明显增加(P<0.01);抗运动性贫血剂能明显提高大鼠红细胞唾液酸(SA)的含量(P<0.05),并显著降低(PS)外翻率(P<0.05)。结论:运动性贫血大鼠红细胞老化增加,抗运动性贫血剂通过降低自由基的生成,有效减少红细胞的老化,改善红细胞损伤来治疗运动性贫血。     

补充锌元素对高强度运动肾促红细胞生成影响

目的:分析锌元素对高强度运动肾促红细胞生成的影响。方法:选取某体育学院60名男性运动员,将运动员随机分为对照组20人,运动组40人,进行长跑运动训练1周后,根据肾促红细胞血象参数、体重以及运动能力将运动组运动员,划分为运动组20人和补锌运动组20人,持续进行长跑运动和锌元素的补充,观察补充锌元素对高强度运动肾促红细胞血象以及血清肾促红细胞EPO水平的影响。结果:5周长跑运动训练后的运动组运动员与对照组肾促血细胞指标比较,运动组的Hb、RBC和Hct均显著低于对照组(P0.01)。对比补锌运动组和对照组可以看出,补锌运动组的肾促红细胞平均体积(MCV)明显高于对照组(P0.05),其肾促红细胞平均血红蛋白量(MCH)以及红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)明显低于对照组(P0.05),尤其两组的MCHC指标,具有非常显著性差异(P0.01),但两组间剩余肾促红细胞相关参数并无显著性差异(P0.05),补锌运动组的Hb、RBC、Hct水平明显高于运动组(P0.01或P0.05)。补锌运动组运动员的血清肾促EPO水平明显高于对照组和运动组,存在显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:补充锌元素能够促进运动员肾促红细胞的生成,锌元素在一定程度上能够提高机体的运动能力。     

Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of combination ofCurcumin fromCurcuma longa, Linn, and partially purified product fromAbroma augusta, Linn. in streptozotocin induced diabetes

Dietary spice components ofCurcuma longa andAbroma augusta have been screened for their protective effect against reactive oxygen species induced lipid peroxidation. They have been found to be efficient antioxidant when administered in combination. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of oral administration (300mg/Kg) of the aqueous extract of turmeric whose active ingredient isCurcumin andAbromine powder as a hypoglycemic agent mixed with diet. The effect of this aqueous extract on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system in rat tissues like liver, lung, kidney and brain was studied for 8 weeks in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The administration of an aqueous extract of turmeric and abromine powder resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and an increase in total haemoglobin. The aqueous extract also resulted in decreased free radical formation in the tissues studied. The decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) clearly showed the antioxidant property of the mixture. It is suggested that these changes initially counteract the oxidative stress in diabetes however, a gradual decrease in the antioxidative process may be one of the factors which results in chronic diabetes. These results indicate that the mixture of the two plants have shown antidiabetic activity and also reduced oxidative stress in diabetes. A combination ofAbroma augusta and Curcuma longa also restored the other general parameters in diabetic animals. The results were statistically analyzed and indicated that combination of herbal extracts showed better efficacy as compared to individual herbal plant extracts used.     

太极拳锻炼对老年人全血粘度的影响

随着人类进入老龄化社会，对衰老机制的研究越来越引起人们的重视。许多研究表明，运动是延缓机体衰老的有效手段之一。本通过老年人每天习练太极拳，观察太极拳运动对老年人血液粘度的影响。实验选择城镇老年妇女(55—56岁)16人，随机分为运动组(10人)和对照组(6人)。运动组受试每天进行太极拳运动；对照组正常日常活动，不进行有目的的体育锻炼。结果发现：经过6个月的太极拳练习，受试全血粘度、全血还原粘度明显下降，表明太极拳运动可以改善老年人血液流变性，降低血粘度。     

运动对24小时动态血压的影响

采用文献资料法综述近年来国内外有关运动对24小时动态血压的影响的研究表明,一次性运动后会导致血压在一定时间下降(可持续22小时),有时甚至低于对照水平(运动后低血压),长期进行中等强度的有氧运动对血压正常者或高血压患者24小时的动态血压具有较好的降压效果。遗传、神经体液因素的改变、血管结构及血管反应性的改变、体重降低以及胰岛素抵抗的降低等都可部分解释运动的降压作用。     

Physiological and biomechanical responses to walking underwater on a non-motorised treadmill: effects of different exercise intensities and depths in middle-aged healthy women

Abstract

Non-motorised underwater treadmills are commonly used in fitness activities. However, no studies have examined physiological and biomechanical responses of walking on non-motorised treadmills at different intensities and depths. Fifteen middle-aged healthy women underwent two underwater walking tests at two different depths, immersed either up to the xiphoid process (deep water) or the iliac crest (shallow water), at 100, 110, 120, 130 step-per-minute (spm). Oxygen consumption (VO₂), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion and step length were determined. Compared to deep water, walking in shallow water exhibited, at all intensities, significantly higher VO₂ (+13.5%, on average) and HR (+8.1%, on average) responses. Water depth did not influence lactate concentration, whereas perceived exertion was higher in shallow compared to deep water, solely at 120 (+40%) and 130 (+39.4%) spm. Average step length was reduced as the intensity increased (from 100 to 130 spm), irrespective of water depth. Expressed as a percentage of maximum, average VO₂ and HR were: 64–76% of peak VO₂ and 71–90% of maximum HR, respectively at both water depths. Accordingly, this form of exercise can be included in the “vigorous” range of exercise intensity, at any of the step frequencies used in this study.     

牛磺酸对疲劳运动大鼠心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平及GSH含量的影响

为探讨牛磺酸对运动机体的作用,本研究以力竭游泳大鼠为运动疲劳模型,观察了牛磺酸对心肌线粒体中ＭＤＡ及ＧＳＨ含量的影响。结果表明,牛横酸有显著抑制疲劳运动条件下心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平及提高ＧＳＨ含量的作用。这可能是其线粒体膜保护机制之一。     

自拟降糖汤佐治糖尿病32例疗效观察

目的 :观察中药方剂 (自拟降糖汤 )对控制糖尿病病情的治疗效果 .方法 :6 3例糖尿病患者分成A、B两组 .A组在常规治疗基础上加用降糖汤 ,B组予以常规治疗 ,不加降糖汤 .结果 :A组治疗后空腹及餐后 2小时血糖均明显下降 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) .B组治疗前后空腹及餐后 2小时血糖无明显变化 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) .结论 :降糖汤对控制糖尿病患者血糖确有一定疗效