身体语言教学法在高校体育教学中的运用

从教育心理学及身体语言学的角度，阐明了身体语言教学法与高校体育教学之间的内在联系，着重从高校体育教学的角度分析了当前身体语言教学法在体育教学中运用应注意的问题，并提出了关于高校体育教师如何运用身体语言教学法进行教学工作的建议。     

体重控制对运动员身体机能和运动能力的影响

运动员体重控制常采用长期体重控制与赛前快速减体重2种方法.科学控制饮食与增加运动负荷相结合的长期体重控制方法对运动员的身体机能、运动能力影响相对较小.赛前通过脱水快速减体重对运动员身体机能和运动能力的负面影响较大,应慎重实施.     

2006 年世界杯足球赛进球统计分析

对2006年世界杯足球赛64场比赛147个进球进行统计分析。结果显示：比赛75～90min是射门进球高峰期；射门进球最佳区域是罚球区内球门区线附近；进球射门以右脚射门为主；直接射门是主要射门方式；进球以高球居多；传身后是有效的进攻手段，定位球的作用日益突出；前锋队员进球最多。     

中国武术的推广路径与前景分析

通过对武术推广的条件、困难及对策进行系统的分析研究,认为中国武术应以大众健身和竞技搏击两条线索进行推广,将武术中的部分提炼和发展为“精英体育”,并选择普及性广的部分,实现真正意义上的大众推广,以完善的商业运作和发展方向来促进社会经济发展和满足民众消费水平的体育需求。也就是说,竞技观赏、武术健身和经济三者经过有机整合而构成武术推广的前提,也是武术走向世界的动力。     

青少年女子曲棍球运动员准备期研究

以无锡市青少年女子曲棍球队的14名女运动员为研究对象,对2012年训练准备期进行了跟踪监测,应用血液指标和尿常规指标分析评定准备期训练计划和运动负荷安排的科学性,为科学训练提供参考。结果表明,大运动负荷引起运动员出现尿蛋白;运动员的血红蛋白（Hb）浓度的标准差呈逐渐上升的趋势。而平均值稍有下降,未超过10％;WBC超出正常范围,但呈逐渐下降趋势。说明大部分运动员的机体对训练负荷已经适应,曲棍球运动员准备期运动负荷安排较为科学,但运动员身体机能的差异性是在今后制定训练负荷时应考虑的重要因素之一。     

Test–retest reliability of a battery of field-based health-related fitness measures for adolescents

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to determine the test–retest reliability of existing tests of health-related fitness. Participants (mean age 14.8 years, s = 0.4) were 42 boys and 26 girls who completed the study assessments on two occasions separated by one week. The following tests were conducted: bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to calculate percent body fat, leg dynamometer, 90° push-up, 7-stage sit-up, and wall squat tests. Intra-class correlation (ICC), paired samples t-tests, and typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation were calculated. The mean percent body fat intra-class correlation coefficient was similar for boys (ICC = 0.95) and girls (ICC = 0.93), but the mean coefficient of variation was considerably higher for boys than girls (22.2% vs. 12.2%). The boys' coefficients of variation for the tests of muscular fitness ranged from 9.0% for the leg dynamometer test to 26.5% for the timed wall squat test. The girls' coefficients of variation ranged from 17.1% for the sit-up test to 21.4% for the push-up test. Although the BIA machine produced reliable estimates of percent body fat, the tests of muscular fitness resulted in high systematic error, suggesting that these measures may require an extensive familiarization phase before the results can be considered reliable.     

Exercise training increases the S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults: A randomised controlled trial. The FIT-AGEING study

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different training modalities on the soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 74 middle-aged adults (53.4 ± 5.0 years old; 52.7% women) were enrolled in the FIT-AGEING study. We conducted a 12-week randomised controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to 4 different groups: (i) a control group (no exercise), (ii) a physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization group (PAR), (iii) a high intensity interval training group (HIIT), and (iv) a high intensity interval training group adding whole-body electromyostimulation training group (HIIT-EMS). S-Klotho plasma levels, anthropometric measurements, and body composition variables were measured before and after the intervention programme. All exercise training modalities induced an increase in the S-Klotho plasma levels (all P ≤ 0.019) without statistical differences between them (all P ≥ 0.696). We found a positive association between changes in lean mass index and changes in the S-Klotho plasma levels, whereas a negative association was reported between changes in fat mass outcomes and changes in the S-Klotho plasma levels after our intervention study. In conclusion, our results suggest that the link between exercise training and the increase in S-Klotho plasma levels could be mediated by a decrease of fat mass and an increase of lean mass.     

Bone mineral density and lean mass asymmetries are greater in cyclists than non-cyclists

ABSTRACT

Cyclists may be at greater risk of developing asymmetrical force and motion patterns than other ground-based athletes. However, functional asymmetries during cycling tend to be highly variable, making them difficult to assess. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and lean mass (LM) in the lower limbs may be a more sensitive and consistent method to identify asymmetries in cyclists. The goal of this study was to determine if competitive cyclists have greater levels of asymmetries in the lower body compared to non-cyclists using DXA. A secondary aim was to determine if aBMD and LM asymmetries change over the road cycling season. 17 competitive cyclists and 21 non-cyclist, healthy controls underwent DXA scans. Lower-body asymmetries were greater in cyclists compared to non-cyclists in aBMD and LM for all lower limb segments. However, these asymmetries did not tend to consistently favour a particular side, except for the pelvis having more LM on the dominant side. The were no longitudinal changes in aBMD or LM in the cyclists. Asymmetry analysis via DXA provides evidence that although functional asymmetries during cycling are variable, cyclists have increased lower body LM and aBMD asymmetries compared to non-cyclists.     

Matching of Male and Female Subjects Using VO2 max

Abstract

We compared cardiorespiratory responses to exercise on an underwater treadmill (UTM) and land treadmill (LTM) and derived an equation to estimate oxygen consumption (VO₂) during UTM exercise. Fifty-five men and women completed one LTM and five UTM exercise sessions on separate days. The UTM sessions consisted of chest-deep immersion, with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% water-jet resistance. All session treadmill velocities increased every 3 min from 53.6 to 187.8 m·min^-1. Cardiorespiratory responses were similar between LTM and UTM when jet resistance for UTM was ≥ 50%. Using multiple regression analysis, weight-relative VO₂ could be estimated as: VO₂ (mLO₂·kg^-1·min^-1) = 0.19248 · height (cm) + 0.17422 · jet resistance (% max) + 0.14092 · velocity (m·min^-1) - 0.12794 · weight (kg) - 27.82849, R²= .82. Our data indicate that similar LTM and UTM cardiorespiratory responses are achievable, and we provide a reasonable estimate of UTM VO₂.     

低氧训练过程中大鼠体重及能量代谢的变化

目的：研究低氧训练过程中大鼠体重、体成分、能量摄入及静息代谢率的变化，初步探讨低氧训练过程中大鼠体重变化与能量代谢变化间关系。方法：经过适应性训练筛选出的50只SD大鼠平均分为5组，保证每组大鼠体重基本一致，随机分为常氧安静组、常氧限食组、常氧训练组、低氧安静组、低氧训练组。训练组大鼠采用水平动物跑台进行耐力训练6周。试验期间每周称量大鼠体重，每3天称量一次大鼠食物摄入量。试验前、试验1周、3周、5周末测定大鼠静息代谢率，试验后处死大鼠并剥离其肾周、腹股沟脂肪及腓肠肌，称量其重量。结果：低氧训练组大鼠体重增幅除在第6周末与常氧训练组无显著性差异外，均显著性低于其他试验组，试验前3周其体重出现负增长。试验后低氧训练组大鼠肾周及腹股沟脂肪总含量显著低于其他试验组，而腓肠肌重量与其他组无显著性差异。低氧训练组大鼠试验期间总食物摄入量较其他各组大鼠低，尤其在前3周。低氧训练组大鼠静息代谢率先上升而后逐渐下降，至试验3周末时仍高于试验前值，试验5周末时降至低于试验前值（差异不显著），而除低氧安静组外的其他组大鼠静息代谢率则持续下降，至试验5周末时均显著性低于试验前水平。结论：从减缓体重增加幅度及对体成分的影响角度看，低氧训练减体重的效果优于限制饮食、耐力训练及低氧暴露。低氧训练过程中食物摄入量减少及静息代谢率增加可能是大鼠体重增长减缓的原因。