浅谈推铅球过程中左腿支撑用力的作用

本文阐述了推铅球过程中左腿支撑用力对提高铅球运动成绩的作用,介绍了正确发挥左腿支撑用力技术作用时应注意的问题及训练方法。     

从北京奥运会看世界女子体操发展趋势与竞争格局

采用文献资料法、观察法、数理统计法和比较法,对北京奥运会女子体操运动员的比赛情况进行归纳、对比和分析,结果表明：中国女队第一次获得女团冠军,实现了历史性的突破;美国女队的柳金不仅获个人全能金牌,也是本届奥运会获奖牌最多者,肖恩获得了4枚。奥运会之后,美国队将是中国女队的主要对手。     

速度滑冰运动员力量素质训练方法的研究

速滑运动员的力量素质水平对取得速度滑冰的优异成绩是至关重要的。因此,世界速滑强国高度重视速滑运动员的力量训练。通过对速滑运动员力量素质训练的基本原则进行探讨,提出发展力量素质训练的方法与手段。训练中把握力量训练的本质要求,采用多种形式,巧妙转换训练的内容和时机,是提高速滑运动员的力量素质水平的关键。     

动作协调与"爆发力"表现田径跳跃动作协调能力测量与评价方法研究

通过专家访谈与问卷调查,确定了6组12项动作指标作为协调能力测试行为样本。运用生物力学方法与人体运动的动力学方法,以相同动作冗余自由度的控制与不控制作为刺激变量,以动作爆发力表现水平的差值为因变量,通过对两组不同水平被试测验成绩的比较,对跳跃专项动作协调能力进行了定性与定量评价。     

力量训练和耐力训练的生理基础

无论是对于大众健身还是专业训练,目前一致认为,力量训练能够促使肌肉体积增加、力量增长,而耐力训练则可以改变机体的有氧代谢水平。此外,如果将力量训练跟耐力训练无间隔交叉进行则会产生相互干扰的效果。旨在通过对这两种训练各自的信号转导途径进行分析以及互相干扰现象进行系统地阐述,以期能够为大众健身以及专业训练的人群在训练计划的安排上提供一个合理的理论依据及建议。     

Effects of heat acclimation on hand cooling efficacy following exercise in the heat

This study examined the separate and combined effects of heat acclimation and hand cooling on post-exercise cooling rates following bouts of exercise in the heat. Seventeen non-heat acclimated (NHA) males (mean ± SE; age, 23 ± 1 y; mass, 75.30 ± 2.27 kg; maximal oxygen consumption [VO₂ max], 54.1 ± 1.3 ml·kg^?1·min^?1) completed 2 heat stress tests (HST) when NHA, then 10 days of heat acclimation, then 2 HST once heat acclimated (HA) in an environmental chamber (40°C; 40%RH). HSTs were 2 60-min bouts of treadmill exercise (45% VO₂ max; 2% grade) each followed by 10 min of hand cooling (C) or no cooling (NC). Heat acclimation sessions were 90–240 min of treadmill or stationary bike exercise (60–80% VO₂ max). Repeated measures ANOVA with Fishers LSD post hoc (α < 0.05) identified differences. When NHA, C (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) had a greater cooling rate than NC (0.013 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.007°C [0.001,0.013], P = 0.035). Once HA, C (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to NC (0.025 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) (0.004°C [?0.003,0.011], P = 0.216). Hand cooling when HA (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to when NHA (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (P = 0.77). In conclusion, when NHA, C provided greater cooling rates than NC. Once HA, C and NC provided similar cooling rates.     

The dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point (DCRe): introducing relative and absolute reliability scores

Analytical methods to assess thigh muscle balance need to provide reliable data to allow meaningful interpretation. However, reproducibility of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare relative and absolute reliability indices of its angle and moment values with conventional and functional hamstring–quadriceps ratios. Furthermore, effects of familiarisation and angular velocity on reproducibility were analysed. A number of 33 male volunteers participated in 3 identical test sessions. Peak moments (PMs) were determined unilaterally during maximum concentric and eccentric knee flexion (prone) and extension (supine position) at 0.53, 1.57 and 2.62 rad · s^–1. A repeated measure, ANOVA, confirmed systematic bias. Intra-class correlation coefficients and standard errors of measurement indicated relative and absolute reliability. Correlation coefficients were averaged over respective factors and tested for significant differences. All balance scores showed comparable low-to-moderate relative (<0.8–0.9) and good absolute reliability (<10%). Relative reproducibility of dynamic control equilibrium parameters augmented with increasing angular velocity, but not with familiarisation. At 2.62 rad · s^–1, high (moment: 0.906) to moderate (angle: 0.833) relative reliability scores with accordingly high absolute indices (4.9% and 6.4%) became apparent. Thus, the dynamic control equilibrium is an equivalent method for the reliable assessment of thigh muscle balance.     

体育锻炼与文化成绩的相关联分析研究 ——以一分钟仰卧起坐为例

体育活动对青少年智育发展有积极的作用,但对学生的文化成绩影响还有待深入研究.研究分层抽样调查了广东省2499名小学生,通过测试体育运动项目一分钟仰卧起坐和文化成绩(语文、数学和英语),应用线性回归模型以校正性别,年龄,身高,体重,体重指数等因素的影响,在不同学校,多个年级的多个水平上,衡量体育运动能力对文化成绩的效应,并用meta分析和pooled分析综合评估其效应值的大小,最后采用偏相关系数进一步描述了一分钟仰卧起坐成绩与小学生文化成绩之间的关联.二者相关关系是客观存在的,这也暗示了鼓励和促进小学生积极参加体育锻练对于提高学习成绩的意义.     

Kinematic analysis of the drag flick in field hockey

Attaining high speed of the stick head and consequently of the ball is essential for successful performance of the drag flick in field hockey, but the coordination pattern used to maximise stick head speed is unknown. The kinematics of the drag flick was studied in ten elite hockey players who performed twenty shots each towards a target located 1.5 m high. A 150 Hz active marker motion analysis system was used, alongside two force plates to detect foot touchdown. Angular velocity and contribution to stick endpoint speed of upper body joints were analysed. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare timing of onset and peak angular velocities between joints. Participants used a kinematic pattern that was close to a proximal-to-distal sequence. Trunk axial rotation and lateral rotation towards the target, right wrist flexion and left wrist extension were the main contributors to stick endpoint speed. Coaches should emphasise trunk rotations and wrist flexion and extension movements for maximising stick head speed. Given the high level of the participants in this study, the coordination of joints motions, as reported here, can serve as a guideline for drag flick training.     

新疆区域经济差异及其影响因素分析

采用洛伦茨曲线、基尼系数、泰尔指数、非参数分析法及Shorrocks转换矩阵对1978-2009年新疆区域经济差异进行分析,结果表明新疆区域经济发展水平差异呈逐渐加大的趋势,其主要是由于新疆不同区域间发展不平衡造成的;同时,新疆区域经济发展的不平衡是在区域经济格局越来越稳定的惯性中发生的.根据对新疆区域经济差异影响因素的分析,应加大对新疆固定资产投资,并注意投资区域布局的合理化;加快新疆教育事业发展,努力实现教育与经济的协调发展;加快新疆产业结构的调整,推进产业结构的合理化和高级化.