Beijing,a garden of violence

Abstract

This paper examines the history of Beijing in relation to gardens — imperial, princely, public and private — and the impetus of the ‘gardener’, in particular in the twentieth‐century. Engaging with the theme of ‘violence in the garden’ as articulated by such scholars as Zygmunt Bauman and Martin Jay, I reflect on Beijing as a ‘garden of violence’, both before the rise of the socialist state in 1949, and during the years leading up to the 2008 Olympics.     

Some Thoughts on Science-based Botanical Garden Establishment

Through analysis of the historical and present development of botanical gardens, both domestic and international, with particular focus on botanical garden practices within the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）, the authors propose that science-based botanical gardens （which differ from common public gardens）, should be founded on plant diversity inventory and ex-situ conservation of wild plant species. Efforts should be directed to rarer species from biodiversity-rich areas and biodiversity hotspots, utilizing cutting-edge technologies to effectively preserve germplasm in living collections. Science-based botanical garden management should be directed by sound scientific evaluation of plant resources and guaranteed by innovative operational mechanisms. Science-based botanical gardens should also emphasize the establishment of identifiable and specialized living collections, research platforms and recruitment of qualified experts. In addition to curating living specimens, science-based botanical gardens should pursue research and development of new plant varieties or patents based on their plant collections, thus providing continual support to bio-industry.     

"西区"的开发与上海的摩登时代

法租界西区是上海租界最晚形成的一个区域,它的大规模开发,始于1914年《上海法租界推广条约》颁布以后.当时,上海恰好开始步入所谓的"摩登时代".上海迈向摩登和国际化的过程,也就是上海工商业大发展、社会财富骤增和再分配的过程.伴随这个过程,一个新的上流社会和一个比上流社会远为庞大的中产阶级加速形成、壮大,他们催生并主导了上海新的消费革命,表现在住宅方面,就是大批的豪华公寓和花园洋房的次第兴建.西区的定位和开发,契合了新富裕阶层的住宅消费需求和住宅消费浪潮,从而成为中外富人聚居的国际化社区,真正意义上的"富人的天堂".作为摩登时代的建筑遗存,西区的花园洋房群落如今已成为中国仅有、世界罕见的建筑风景.     

Imperial Plots? Shugborough,Chinoiserie and Imperial Ideology in Eighteenth-Century British Gardens

This article examines the place of the Chinese House (c. 1748) at Shugborough, Staffordshire, within the context of the mid-eighteenth-century craze for chinoiserie architecture in British gardens, and within the longer history of Sino-British encounters more generally. Drawing on evidence from published and archival sources, it argues that the expression of imperial ideology manifest in the garden at Shugborough represents an exceptional case for the period, during which more nuanced and ambivalent attitudes towards Britain's expanding presence in Asia generally prevailed. Attention is drawn to the need to locate the specific social settings of art objects within their wider historical contexts.     

The desire to learn as a kind of love: gardening,cooking, and passion in outdoor education

‘Gardens for Bellies' [Haver til Maver] is an organic school gardens project at Krogerup farm in Northern Sealand, Denmark, which provides children with first-hand experiences in a natural, outdoor environment. The general intention of the project is to expand children's competences and their knowledge of nature, farming and food preparation. This article draws on a new evaluation of ‘Gardens for Bellies' based on qualitative as well as quantitative studies carried out by education researchers. The evaluation shows very positive learning benefits linked to experience and enjoyment. The outdoor learning programme and environment represents a unique addition to the national curriculum of the Danish state school system, providing the possibility of interdisciplinary and enjoyment-based learning. One of the main conclusions is that the pupils who participate in the ‘Gardens for Bellies' programme develop a desire to learn. A number of the competencies they develop relate directly to the subject of science, as well as other school subjects. Parents confirm the learning benefits and view ‘Gardens for Bellies' as a unique supplement to regular school teaching. The experience dimension and a certain communication of love together with the teachers' passion to show their passion for teaching on site provide one possible explanation as to why the desire to learn is stimulated among the pupils.     

竹在士人园林中的意蕴及成因

竹在士人园林中占有极其重要的地位。历代文人都将其拟人化以比德自喻。其原因不仅在于竹的独特形貌 ,而且还源自于中国封建集权社会的固有矛盾 ,以及由此而衍生出的以“天人合一”思想为指导的士人隐逸文化     

城市园林夜景观初探

城市园林夜景观是园林景观在夜间的再次景观，它形成的目的和作用是为城市的夜生活提供一个观赏、游憩、居住的空间场所。正确的把握夜空间环境的意义，并在一定的地域内通过艺术加工和工程手段对它有计划地规划设计，直接关系到城市夜空间环境的质量。另外，城市园林夜景观也是城市形象建设的重要组成部分。本文根据夜景观建设过程中产生的问题，对园林夜景观规划设计领域提出初步的理论构思，力图将城市设计理论与照明技术结合为一体，以促进我国城市园林夜景观质量的提高，为广大市民夜生活提供一个方便、舒适与丰富丰富多彩的空间环境。     

济源市黄楝树林场林区植物资源的现状调查

黄楝树林场林区位于河南省济源市太行山脉与豫北平原的交接部,属于温暖带大陆性季风气候。该区植物种类繁多,实地调查发现,这里有木本植物500余种,草本植物1800余种。合理开发和利用本林区的植物资源,将会给当地的发展带来经济和环境两方面的效益。     

昆明园林文化二千年

本通过丰富的史料，论述昆明园林有丰富的资源、悠久的历史、鲜明的特点和光辉的前景.以简洁的笔墨首次勾画了昆明园林二千年发展的轮廓。     

试论中西园林与建筑景观的艺术特征

研究园林、建筑景观的艺术特征在旅游资源开发中具有重要意义。本采用比较方法，阐述了各个历史时期中西园林景观和建筑景观的不同艺术特征及相互影响，指出了继承与创新应注意的一些问题。