朝向外源性线索的无意识注意过程研究综述

自下而上注意和意识的加工分离是近年来无意识注意的重要研究领域.综述了当前利用外周掩蔽线索和空间外源性线索相结合的方式考察无意识状况下注意加工过程的主要实证研究,分析了无意识注意研究的主要内容,并从进化心理学的角度对该领域的研究前景进行展望.     

Attentional Mechanisms in Sports Via Brain-Electrical Event-Related Potentials

In this study, we examined attention processes in complex, sport-specific decision-making tasks without interdependencies from anticipation. Psychophysiological and performance data recorded from advanced and intermediate level basketball referees were compared. Event-related potentials obtained while judging game situations in foul recognition and a control task provided insight into focus of attention, selective attention, and processing strategy (top-down vs. bottom-up). Results showed task-specific effects for advanced referees in components influenced by attentional focus and selective attention. Experts also seemed to profit from superior top-down strategy and were able to evaluate the stimuli more rapidly. These findings are discussed in connection with current models in neurosciences and theories of referee research.     

Regenerated isotropic wood

Construction of sustainable high-performance structural materials is a core part of the key global sustainability goal. Many efforts have been made in this field; however, challenges remain in terms of lowering costs by using all-green basic building blocks and improving mechanical properties to meet the demand of practical applications. Here, we report a robust and efficient bottom-up strategy with micro/nanoscale structure design to regenerate an isotropic wood from natural wood particles as a high-performance sustainable structural material. Regenerated isotropic wood (RGI-wood) exceeds the limitations of the anisotropic and inconsistent mechanical properties of natural wood, having isotropic flexural strength of ∼170 MPa and flexural modulus of ∼10 GPa. RGI-wood also shows superior water resistance and fire retardancy properties to natural pine wood. Mass production of large sized RGI-wood and functional RGI-wood nanocomposites can also be achieved.     

进步史观与下层视野：霍布斯鲍姆的社会历史观探论

从进步史观和“自下而上”历史观两个视角出发,可以清晰地理解霍布斯鲍姆史学思想体系中以社会历史观为核心的历史本体论思想。一方面,霍布斯鲍姆进步历史观念的内涵变化轨迹明显;另一方面,基于“自下而上”的历史观,霍布斯鲍姆与其他英国马克思主义史学家共同开创了一种关于社会历史研究的新模式和方法论。     

语篇教学在大学英语精读教学中的运用

非英语专业大学英语精读传统教学往往是重语法、词汇，轻篇章理解，结果是使学生“见木不见林”。基于阅读的心理模式及过程，语篇教学是成功实现精读教学的关键．因为语篇教学既培养了学生的阅读技能、提高了阅读理解力，又提高了学生的语言知识、写作等综合技能，弥补了传统教学的不足．变被动学习为能动的思维活动。     

学习语音学与提高听力水平的关系

实验表明，语音知识的掌握程度对于听力理解水平的高低有着重要的作用，在听力课中有计划地引入语音基础知识是提高学生听力水平的捷径。     

Theories of Reading and the Teaching of English Reading

English reading has gained much attention among teachers and students and become one of the research heatpots in English pedagogy.The paper gives a brief introduction of the theories of reading and attempts to apply the schema theory of reading into the classroom teaching.The classroom practice reveals that English reading under the guidance of schema theory proves effective and raises students’ awareness of strategies.     

An Interactive Strategies-based Approach To Reading Teaching

An interactive strategies-based approach to reading teaching involves both bottom-up and top-down skills,which if developed conjointly,will not only improve students’reading comprehension and reading rate but also facilitate their ability of writing.     

墨家“尚同”观的法哲学评析

墨子认为＂尚同＂是政本之道。墨子主张自上而下与自下而上的统一构成＂尚同＂的政治次序,以＂治法＂保障政治秩序的良好运行,以＂天志＂作为＂尚同＂的最高原则,以义利相兼为＂尚同＂的实质。然而,墨子的主张由于历史和自身的原因,在中国并未像儒家、道家那样影响深远。但它同西方的世界主义、自然法、功利主义等主张有诸多相同之处。对我们今天处理集体与个人的关系、社会责任与经济利益等关系具有积极的参考价值。     

视觉选择的动因解析:刺激驱动还是概念驱动

眼睛初次扫视视野的过程是一个完全地自下而上加工过程,经过一段时间的循环反馈加工后,目标期望就会以自上而下的方式影响视觉选择。自上而下控制是在初始选择之后发生的,个体先验性的非空间概念不能改变初始选择的优先权,只有当注意视窗大小改变时个体才能以自上而下的方式对初始信息进行处理。