脑科学在数学教育研究中的应用

20世纪90年来以来,许多脑活动测量的仪器得到发展.使用脑活动数据使得研究者有可能在不依赖学生自主解释其自身问题的能力的情况下,探查学生心理变化和学习困难水平.尝试使用真实课堂教学中的数学任务,测量学生问题解决过程的脑活动数据,进而获得了脑活动(含氧血红素浓度与去氧血红素浓度)与有关学习特征、理解过程之间的关系的初步结论,同时也为在数学教育研究中应用脑科学提供经验.     

天麻素对模型大鼠海马Caspase-3表达的影响

目的：观察天麻素对癫痫大鼠海马Caspase-3表达的影响及其脑保护作用。方法：120只健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、PTZ（戊四氮）组、VPA（丙戊酸钠）组、Gb（天麻素大剂量）组和Gs（天麻素小剂量）组（n=24）。对照组和PTZ组分别以生理盐水（4mL/kg·d）灌胃;VPA组给予丙戊酸20mg．kg^-1,Gb组和Gs组分别给予天麻素200mg．kg^-1和100mg．kg^-1;每天1次,连续7天。造模第一天,除对照组大鼠外,余者均腹腔注射戊四氮75mg／kg,记录动物行为学变化。于致痫后12h、2d、5d和7d相应时间点取材,制备脑标本,免疫细胞化学术检测caspase-3表达。结果：致痫后12h,P11Z组Caspase-3有微量表达,其余各组几乎无表达;2—7d。PTZ组Caspase-3表达增加。与PTZ组比较,Gb组、Gs组及VPA组Caspase-3阳性表达降低,差异显著（P〈0．05）;与VPA组比较,Gb组和Gs组Caspase-3表达无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：天麻素能降低致痫大鼠海马神经元Caspase-3表达;可能通过抑制神经元凋亡发挥脑保护作用。     

基于科学知识图谱的我国脑认知研究

为促进心理学采用科学知识图谱进行大批量文献资料地客观研究,也为了直观展示我国已有脑科学研究成果,对后继脑科学研究提供支持,利用Bicomb软件及SPSS软件对从中国知网中查询到的604篇文献进行了科学知识图谱绘制．结果表明,我国脑认知研究主要围绕脑神经结构与脑神经生理指标、事件相关电位和功能性磁共振成像两大主线和面孔识别、情绪及注意等的事件相关电位及功能性磁共振成像、儿童语言及神经网络、脑神经的可塑性、前额叶的功能及结构等四个领域展开．     

Educational implications following idiopathic encephalopathy and prolonged coma: a longitudinal case study

This paper explores standard considerations of accommodations for paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI) survivors as illustrated through an intensive case study. Specifically, we explore methods by which school systems can enhance a middle school student's learning environment after losing 30 points in his intellectual functioning (IQ) following a rare coma recovery. For the purpose of this paper, coma is defined as a period following neurological injury or illness during which an individual does not open his/her eyes and does not have sleep–wake cycles. This case emphasises the use of current behavioural evidence‐based treatments in young ABI patients. Multiple comparisons are especially beneficial in delineating the strength of intervention modalities and specific challenges unique to this population. Current data are of particular interest because measures of both pre‐ and post‐morbid functioning are available, because of earlier school testing for a pre‐existing learning disability. Finally, implications for prognosis and treatment of young ABI patients are discussed.     

教育与神经网络的塑造——与麦克I.波斯纳院士的对话

功能磁共振技术使得人们可以无创地看到人类学习过程中大脑的活动。借助这一技术及人类基因组研究的进展,认知神经科学大师波斯纳(MichaelI.Posner)从遗传与影像等多方面对注意的神经网络及个体差异做了大量研究。这些研究揭示了注意的三个网络:警觉网络、定向网络、执行控制网络,这些网络受到遗传与经验的相互影响。在教育中培养儿童的注意力对于学校学科的学习具有重要的作用。     

华芦荟的组织培养与快速繁殖

以华芦荟（Aloe chirtensis（Haw．）Baker）的茎切段为材料，接种于加不同植物激素组合的MS培养基上，获得大量的再生植株。实验结果表明，诱导芽的生成，使用MS＋6-BA3mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L培养基为最佳，快速繁殖阶段使用MS＋6-BAlmg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L培养基为最佳，诱导生根阶段使用1／2MS＋IBA2．0mg／L培养基为最佳，16～28d内可以长出2～6每根。     

基于“教学做合一”培养学生音乐核心素养探究

在音乐教学过程中融入"教学做合一"理念,能够加强学生的音乐实践,实现音乐核心素养的切实培养。借助"教学做合一"理念培养学生音乐核心素养的策略有:融入情境,产生情感共鸣;手脑结合,提升演奏技能;合作学习,加强视听练耳;参与实践,深化思维能力。     

浅谈思维和智慧

人类从古到今都在追问什么是思维,人的智慧来源于哪?笔者分析思维的本质、智慧的起源获取和发展.认为它们之间存有相互促进,相互制约的关系,思维是人类认识自然和理解自身的,智慧是对思维能力或思维效应的认知评价.     

Effect of latent iron deficiency on GABA and glutamate neuroreceptors in rat brain

Eight weeks of latent iron deficiency in weaned female rats of Sprague Dawley strain maintained on experimental low-iron diet (18–20 mg/kg) did not significantly change the gross body, weight and tissue weights of brain and liver. Packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin concentration remained unaltered. However, non-heme iron content in liver and brain decreased significantly (p<0.001). The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) in brain decreased by 15%, 11.4% and 25.7% respectively. However, this decrease was not statistically significant. Binding of³H Muscimol at pH 7.5 and 1 mg protein/assay increased by 143% (p<0.001) in synaptic vesicular membranes from iron-deficient rats as compared to the controls.³H glutamate binding to the synaptic vesicles was also carried out under similar condition. However, the L-glutamate binding was reduced by 63% in the vesicular membranes of iron deficient animals. These studies indicate that iron plays important functional role in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors.     

心脑编配技能在即兴伴奏中的作用

本文试图从音乐心理学角度出发,采用理论描述、经验分析、实验研究相结合的方法对心脑编配技能在即兴伴奏中的作用作了初步研究,从而使我们能够更好地利用心脑编配技能在进行钢琴即兴伴奏时尽量趋于完美之境界。