Resting state networks mediate the association between both cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills with neurocognitive functioning

Recent evidence suggests that cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skill performance are related to neurocognitive functioning by influencing brain structure and functioning. This study investigates the role of resting-state networks (RSNs) in the relation of cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills with neurocognitive functioning in healthy 8- to 11-year-old children (n = 90, 45 girls, 10% migration background). Cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills were related to brain activity in RSNs. Furthermore, brain activity in RSNs mediated the relation of both cardiovascular fitness (Frontoparietal network and Somatomotor network) and gross motor skills (Somatomotor network) with neurocognitive functioning. The results indicate that brain functioning may contribute to the relation between both cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills with neurocognitive functioning.     

运动干预对帕金森病患者神经可塑性的影响:基于脑成像研究的ALE元分析

目的:帕金森病(Parkinson Disease,PD)是高发的运动障碍疾病,运动干预影响PD大脑活动和神经可塑性的研究结果不一致且机制未明。综合现有基于坐标点的功能性脑成像随机对照实验,可提供运动干预对PD神经可塑性影响的综合证据。方法:基于关键词在Medline,Embase,Cochrane,PsycINFO,PubMed等数据库其检索到以613篇文献,根据筛选标准最终纳入10篇,样本量共计137人。运用Ginger ALE软件,对纳入的文献进行激活似然估计(Activation Likelihood Estimation,ALE)元分析,计算每个脑区跨实验激活的可能性。结果:运动干预影响PD脑区激活的坐标点共71个,计算得出14个激活峰值点:包括左右大脑内侧额叶,左右小脑前叶、基底节;左半球颞中回、中脑;右半球扣带回、梭状回、舌状回、额下回和中央后回。结论:运动干预显著激活了与PD核心病理性损伤的脑区以及运动执行控制相关脑区。运动干预在脑激活层面有益于PD患者神经可塑性变化,这种变化可能是多个脑区协同变化的结果。     

应用型人才培养模式中《电子系统设计》课程建设的探索

《电子系统设计》是有效衔接原理性知识与系统工程之间的桥梁.在分析了教学过程中存在的主要问题的基础上,从课程的教学内容、教学组织、教学方法三个方面提出了课程建设的内容,以与应用型人才培养的教学目标相适应.文中提出的换位教学、头脑风暴教学、追问诱思教学、考核诱学与成果转化诱学相结合等教学方法对其它工科课程的教学也有一定的借鉴意义.     

基于职业需求的《药用植物组织培养》无菌操作教学改革探究

通过对由设备配置不足导致的无菌操作练习不充分、由无菌操作实验记录缺乏规范的格式和要求导致的实验数据与记录参差不齐以及学校的无菌操作课很难和生产实际接轨等问题进行探讨,提出了《药用植物组织培养》无菌操作教学改革的建议：以职业为立足点,优化校企间的资源配置,建立职业教育平台,并且以教师为出发点,以学生为突破口,主动出击,打破常规实习惯例,实施有效手段,组织引导学生充满兴趣地进行无菌操作的实验实习。     

The Developing Brain: A largely overlooked health endpoint in risk assessments for synthetic chemical substances

A large body of experimental animal research on the neurotoxic effects of certain environmental chemicals provides evidence of a cascade of neurobehavioural effects including learning deficits, hyperactivity, anxiety, depression, lack of motivation, increased aggressiveness, altered maternal care and bonding, and an over‐reaction to small stressors. For a number of years, scientific meetings and reports have recommended that assessing risk in chemical safety evaluations should include tests for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) to uncover the potential of chemical substances to affect the developing brain. However, DNT testing has been required only in rare circumstances, and for some classes of neurotoxic pesticides. The role of developmental neurotoxicants as causative or contributory factors in children’s learning and behavioural disorders warrants more attention in both research and policy.     

关于“人工智能”技术发展的思考

从人工智能的产生开始简单阐述了人工智能这门学科的发展历史以及未来前景,并通过人工智能与人脑智能的比较,近一步阐明该学科的理论基础及其发展。     

Childhood acquired brain injury: the knowledge and training needs of special educational needs coordinators

The aim of this study was to further explore Special Educational Need Co-ordinators' (SENCos) knowledge of childhood acquired brain injury (ABI) and if they have received training on how to effectively support children and young people (CYP) with an ABI in school. SENCos from Nottinghamshire were asked to complete a survey face-to-face or online. Data reported by Howe and Ball (Support for Learning, 32, 1, 85–100), was also used to allow comparisons between different counties in the UK for knowledge of childhood ABI. Results indicated that SENCos from Nottinghamshire hold numerous uncertainties about childhood ABI, although less uncertainties than SENCos from the West Midlands. A majority SENCos from Nottinghamshire had not received training about childhood ABI. Additional challenges in supporting CYP with an ABI were also identified. The findings show a clear need for more training on childhood ABI across UK schools. It is also apparent that obtaining funding for CYP with an ABI can be a challenge for SENCos. However, further research is needed to determine what these barriers to funding are.     

美国脑计划组织实施体制机制和管理特点研究

系统梳理美国脑计划的决策部署、组织架构和主要管理机制等情况，以期为相关领域国家重大科技项目的组织实施提供参考和借鉴。