A teacher-report measure of children's task-avoidant behavior: A validation study of the Behavioral Strategy Rating Scale

This study aims to validate a teacher-report measure of children's task-avoidant behavior, namely the Behavioral Strategy Rating Scale (BSRS), in a sample of 352 Finnish children. In each of the four waves from Kindergarten to Grade 2, teachers rated children's task-avoidant behavior using the BSRS, children completed reading and mathematics tests, and trained testers rated children's task-avoidant and social-dependent behavior after the test situation. Mothers also rated children's task-avoidant behavior in the last two waves. The results showed that a two-factor model including one factor representing task avoidance and one method factor accounting for wording effects among the negatively phrased items fitted the data best. The scale demonstrated strict measurement invariance across all four waves and satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. Teacher-reported task avoidance was negatively associated with performance in reading and mathematics. The results suggest that the BSRS is a reliable, valid, and developmentally suitable instrument.     

Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding 2 to 4 weeks following discharge from a large, urban, academic medical center striving for baby-friendly designation

Substantial evidence documents the superiority of breastfeeding for mothers and breastmilk for babies. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S. Healthy People 2010 initiative promote breastfeeding, current breastfeeding rates often fall short of recommendations. This study determined factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding 2 to 4 weeks following discharge from a large, urban, academic medical center striving for Baby-Friendly designation. Results indicated that mothers who breastfed within the first hour of birth (61%) were significantly more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding 2 to 4 weeks after discharge. Incorporating care practices that include a number of the "Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding," as recommended by the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, may increase the duration of exclusive breastfeeding after discharge.     

信息环境下西部地区大学生英语学习现状及其原因分析——以四川外语学院为例

信息技术影响到外语教与学的方方面面。对学生进行调查后发现,近半数学生喜欢通过网络和手机等电子工具学习英语;有1／3左右的学生喜欢通过虚拟学习环境学习英语;只有很少一部分学生喜欢去自主学习中心学习英语。从学生视角对造成上述现象原因进行分析有助于帮助学生提高学习能力。     

自然特质对大学生安全行为的影响研究

个体的安全行为因人员的自然特质、认知水平、社会特质等因素的不同会呈现出极大的差异性。为了加强大学生的安全教育,必须对大学生的安全行为及应急反应的特征及影响因素进行探究。本研究是在大量调查问卷获得的数据和资料的基础上,基于一定的数学模型,利用相应的统计分析方法,主要讨论体现人员自然特质的性别、性格类型两个因素对安全行为的影响特点。研究结果将充实我国大学生安全行为以及应急反应数据库,为加强大学生安全教育提供基础数据和指导。     

玩具数量对3～6岁幼儿分享行为的影响

为了用实验的方法探讨玩具数量对3～6岁幼儿分享行为的影响,选取了某幼儿园小、中、大班各30名幼儿,将各年龄班的幼儿随机分成人数相等的三组,三组进行游戏时玩具的数量不等,即分别为玩具数量多于、等于和少于小组人数。结果表明：小班、大班的幼儿都表现出当玩具数量少于人数时,幼儿做出分享行为的人数明显多于玩具数量等于和多于幼儿人数的情况。但中班幼儿面对不同数量玩具时的分享行为差异不显著。另外,当玩具数量等于人数时,表现出了明显的年级差异,大班幼儿做出分享行为的人数显著多于小班和中班幼儿。当玩具数量多于人数或少于人数时,不同年级幼儿的分享行为差异不显著。本研究的结论是：玩具数量是影响分享行为的因素之一,随着玩具数量的减少,幼儿的分享行为在增加。     

大学生道德意识行为的反差与高校思想政治教育

分析了大学生在成长过程中道德意识与道德行为之间出现差异的原因,提出了高校加强大学生的思想道德素质教育的对策和建议。     

基于数据挖掘的图书馆的读者借阅行为分析

图书馆数字化发展,使数据挖掘技术在读者借阅行为分析方面得到了广泛使用。利用图书馆的借阅数据及调查结果,可形成一个关于读者需求的数据仓库,挖掘出读者需求的规则和模式,提取出有价值的内在信息,以便为图书馆建设服务。     

Erosion behavior and mechanism of boronised steels

Boronising of steels is a hardening process to get high surface hardness. The erosion resistance of boronised steels was researched with the use of four kinds of erodent, i.e. glass, alumina, quartz and silicon carbide. The erosion rate increases rapidly with erodent hardness and severe erosion occurs with high impacting angle range of hard particles. SEM analysis indicated that chipping is caused by repetitive impacting of glass and quartz, whereas by alumina and silicon carbide impacting, chipping, and that plastic flow take place simultaneously and the erosion rate reaches the peak value when the impacting angle is above 60°.     

探索高校学生工作新思路

面对高教改革的日益深入，高校学生工作要适应新形势的需要，树立全新教育理念，在学生工作管理体制运行机制上培养超前思维，努力探索学生工作新思路、新模式。     

Analysis and Application of the Concept of Modesty to Breastfeeding

Modesty may be a significant variable impacting breast- feeding outcomes in western cultures, yet this term has received minimal attention in the breastfeeding literature. An analysis of the concept of modesty was conducted to gain greater understanding of the potential impact of modesty on breastfeeding outcomes. Various uses of the term modesty and particularly modesty in the context of breastfeeding are discussed in this paper. The defining attributes of breastfeeding modesty are identified and examples are provided. Implications for research and clinical practice are suggested.