浅谈砖砌体裂缝的起因与防治

根据建筑设计、施工经验,对砖墙体在地基不均匀沉降、温度变化、集中荷载作用下所引起的各种裂缝进行分析研究,提出防治的措施和建议,以供参考。     

多层砖砌体结构房屋温度裂缝的产生及其防治

温度裂缝已成为多层砖砌体结构房屋的通病,它虽属非受力裂缝,但它给用户心理、建筑物的美观、结构的整体性和耐久性都会带来不利影响。通过对温度裂缝的特征、成因机理的分析,可以找出一些针对温度裂缝的预防措施及修补方法。     

美国大学生创业教育模式及其启示

在美国,创业教育已经有50多年的历史,在良好的社会基础和有力的社会支持体系下,已经形成完善的创业教育体系。在创业教育开展最早和最为完善的美国著名大学中,百森商学院、哈佛大学和斯坦福大学各有千秋,代表了美国高等院校创业教育的典型模式。认真研究并借鉴美国的成功经验,对于我国大学生创业教育体系的构建,具有一定的现实意义。     

自评和互评在牙体雕刻教学中的实际应用

牙体雕刻教学中的自评和互评就是让同学们按照预先制定好的评分细则,根据自评和互评表格对雕刻完成的3倍石膏牙按项进行评分,并在石膏牙上分别用不同颜色铅笔划出雕刻过多、过少及位置不当的地方,教师再按同学们在石膏牙上所做的标记,并利用标准的牙齿外形平面图及浮雕图对自评表格和互评表格进行批阅,以此提高学生和教师牙体雕刻的实践技能。     

建筑废砖骨料再生产试验研究

通过提炼建筑垃圾中的废砖,利用建筑废砖作为再生混凝土骨料进行试验研究,得到再生混凝土的力学性能以及砖骨料粒径含量和用水量对再生混凝土性能的影响分析。通过调节再生混凝土原料的配比和砖骨料的粒径含量,使再生混凝土的性能达到最优。实验结果表明,砖骨料的吸水率、粒径含量和用水量是实验成功的关键,砖骨料的最佳粒径范围为9.5-19 mm。     

金门风狮爷探析

风狮爷是金门极具特色的民间信仰。通过分析了风狮爷信仰的滋生土壤、风狮爷的名称由来、及其雕刻艺术特点,揭示风狮爷信仰的民俗内涵。     

Silica glass interaction with calcium hydroxide: a surface chemistry approach

The study of the interaction between silica glass and saturated Ca(OH)₂ solutions can be a useful approach to resolve the problem of the adhesion between lime-sand mortar and clay bricks. Since it is reasonable that the silica–calcium hydroxide system well simulates a brick–mortar system, experimental observations concerning the interaction of silica glass and this strong basic solution should be of value for the comprehension of the chemical reactions that could take place at the mortar–brick interface, maybe affecting the adhesion between the two building materials. We demonstrated the effects of saturated Ca(OH)₂ solutions on commercial pure silica glass (fused silica) and on silica films obtained via a sol–gel process by means of dip-coating. Silica samples were dipped in the solutions at different temperatures (room temperature, 60 and 80 °C) and at different time intervals (1 and 21 h) and then they were analysed by means of surface techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It has been shown that Ca(OH)₂ reacts with the silica glass network. The experimental results clearly show a very different behaviour of sol–gel silica with respect to fused silica, probably because of their different nanostructure. Many problems concerning the interaction of silica and Ca(OH)₂ are still to be solved, but the results of this research strengthen the idea that adhesion between lime-sand mortar and clay bricks is caused not only by carbonation of calcium hydroxide contained in the mortar, but even by some chemical reactions involving the brick constituents and calcium hydroxide itself. The final products, calcium silicates, may induce a chemical continuity between lime-sand mortar and clay bricks.     

砖混房屋顶层墙体裂缝原因及预防措施

针对我国目前砖混房屋顶层墙体出现的裂缝问题,从理论和施工上进行了分析,主要概括为荷载,温度变化,不均匀沉降等几种原因,探讨预防开裂的几种控制措施:设计人员必须严格按规范进行设计,施工人员认真抓好施工中每一个环节,把好质量关、材料关,注意施工程序和特殊部位构造处理。     

牙体解剖学教学改革的探索

牙体解剖学是一门实践性很强的专业基础课,为了使学生更好掌握理论与实践技能,本文从理论教学与实训教学环节进行教学改革的探索,取得良好的效果。     

北宋经书子籍刊刻与“典籍中心主义”

北宋是中国雕版印刷的勃兴期。这一时期,以国子监为主导,各地官私机构相继刻印了大量经、子类书籍,蔚为大观。经书子籍雕印既是中国以典籍为中心的传统学术惯性,也是科举政治的必然选择。这类印本在社会的广泛传播流行,导致"疑古"精神在一定程度上消解了典籍的神圣,对北宋的学术发展产生潜在的影响,进而形成"六经注我"为特征的宋学。