安仁方言三个否定词的用法及比较

安仁方言常用的否定词有"冇"、"曼"、"不",否定名词性成分通常用"冇";否定谓词性成分通常用"曼";对主观的否定通常用"不"。同时"曼"还兼表"不"的功能,可以表示主观否定,但在用法上和"不"相比存在一些差异。     

量词“步、石、斗、升、参”意义辨正——以出土文献为新材料

出土新材料证明,量词“步、石、斗、升、参”意义的传统训释应该补正：“步”除了作长度单位量词外,还作面积单位量词,义为“平方步”,是“亩”的下一级单位,该意义从先秦一直使用至近代。表示容量单位的量词“石、斗、升”至少在汉代还有“大石”与“小石”、“大斗”与“小斗”、“大升”与“小升”之分,且同级单位的大小比率均为5：3。“参”在秦汉时期除了作重量单位量词外,还作容量单位量词,1参为1/3小斗。     

否定副词“不”的情态特征及其序位安排——现代汉语“NP_1+对+NP_2+VP”句式的两种否定形式

现代汉语否定副词不在NP1+对+NP2+VP句中有两个位置,一个是在介词结构的前面,另一个是在谓语的前面。如果该句式的谓语由形容词充当,不只出现在谓语中心词的前面,如果句子的谓语由动词充当,那么不即可以出现在介词结构的前面,也可能出现在谓语动词的前面。不的情态特征是制约它在这类句子里的序位安排的一个重要因素。     

Assessing behavioral data science privacy issues in government artificial intelligence deployment

In today's global culture where the Internet has established itself as the main tool for communication and commerce, the capability to massively analyze and predict citizens' behavior has become a priority for governments in terms of collective intelligence and security. At the same time, in the context of novel possibilities that artificial intelligence (AI) brings to governments in terms of understanding and developing collective behavior analysis, important concerns related to citizens' privacy have emerged. In order to identify the main uses that governments make of AI and to define citizens' concerns about their privacy, in the present study, we undertook a systematic review of the literature, conducted in-depth interviews, and applied data-mining techniques. Based on our results, we classified and discussed the risks to citizens' privacy according to the types of AI strategies used by governments that may affect collective behavior and cause massive behavior modification. Our results revealed 11 uses of AI strategies used by the government to improve their interaction with citizens, organizations in cities, services provided by public institutions or the economy, among other areas. In relation to citizens' privacy when AI is used by governments, we identified 8 topics related to human behavior predictions, intelligence decision making, decision automation, digital surveillance, data privacy law and regulation, and the risk of behavior modification. The paper concludes with a discussion of the development of regulations focused on the ethical design of citizen data collection, where implications for governments are presented aimed at regulating security, ethics, and data privacy. Additionally, we propose a research agenda composed by 16 research questions to be investigated in further research.