中外男子篮球组织后卫传球技术运用对比分析

运用录像观察法、数理统计法等,对伦敦奥运会的中外男篮主力组织后卫的传球技术运用进行比较分析。结果显示:中国组织后卫在传球方式上运用的次数与国外组织后卫有明显的差距;在传球状态上,移动传球次数和跳起传球次数上均落后于国外组织后卫,两者有一定的差距;在传球路线上,直线传球次数落后于国外组织后卫,两者存在较大差距;中国组织后卫在解围性传球次数、攻击性传球次数和助攻次数上均落后于国外组织后卫,但中国组织后卫传球失误较少。     

Swedish PE teachers’ understandings of legitimate movement in a criterion-referenced grading system

Background: Physical Education (PE) has been associated with a multi-activity model in which movement is related to sport discourses and sport techniques. However, as in many international contexts, the Swedish national PE syllabus calls for a wider and more inclusive concept of movement. Complex movement adapted to different settings is valued, and in the national grading criteria qualitative measures of movement are used. This research seeks to examine how the wider concept of movement is interpreted and graded. Drawing on Bernstein’s concept of the pedagogic device, the paper explores teachers’ roles as active mediators in the transformation of national grading criteria for movement and the kinds of movement that are valued in teachers’ grading practices. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate what PE teachers consider legitimate movement in a criterion-referenced grading system and the factors that influence their grading practice. The Repertory Grid (RG) technique was employed in order to access their tacit knowledge. Methodology: Seven Swedish PE teachers were interviewed, all of whom teach and grade years seven to nine in different compulsory schools. Using the RG technique, the teachers were asked to reflect on the aspects they considered important for achieving a high grade. The national grading criteria for years seven to nine were then presented one at a time and the teachers were asked to describe how they assessed and graded each requirement. The teachers were also asked whether any specific factors had influenced their grading. In the content analysis, the second part of the interview was attended to first and the results were interpreted in light of Bernsteins’ concept of the pedagogic device. Findings: Sport techniques and competitive sports influenced the teachers’ interpretations of what constitutes complex movement. The aspect of fitness also appeared to be valued by the teachers in that it facilitates the valued movement. In some cases the difficulty of describing movement qualities in words could reduce the concept of movement to something measurable and quantifiable. The teachers’ concerns about students’ unequal opportunities to develop and demonstrate their skills also influenced the teachers’ interpretation of complex movement. Conclusions: In the transformation of national grading criteria to grading practice, the pedagogic actions taken inform and limit the way in which legitimate movement in PE is conceptualised. Adopting a concept of movement that is wider than competitive sports allows the structures of inequality to be addressed and enables the movements performed by students with other moving experiences than competitive sports to be valued. The tension between the demands of transparency in a high stakes grading system and the inability to articulate the quality of complex movements is problematic. There is a need to verbalise teachers’ conceptions about physical education knowledge to be able to discuss and develop the concept of movement. In this process, the RG technique is a potentially useful tool. Having the language to discuss movement qualities also enables us to strengthen the interrelation between curriculum, pedagogy and assessment.     

对第51届世界乒乓球锦标赛男单决赛王皓的技战术分析

运用录像观察法、数理统计法等研究方法,对王皓在第51届世界乒乓球锦标赛男单决赛中的技战术进行统计与分析,结果表明:王皓在发球抢攻段和接发球抢攻段的得分率偏低是造成本次比赛失利的主要原因。     

打造体育强国和实施全民健身战略目标的理论思考

伴随着我国从体育大国向体育强国的演进,全民健身已经成为提高全民族素质、实现人的全面发展的必由之路。建设体育强国要求规避片面强调竞技体育的发展路径,促进竞技体育和群众体育的有机协调发展。新生代农民工、企事业职工、农民以及社区居民的身体健康程度、健身意识和体育场馆的建设已成为构建体育强国的重要内容。本论文从上述四个层面入手,考察其体育发展现状、阐明各自群体健身现状与发展体育强国的辩证关系,深入探讨体育强国和全民健身的有机联系。     

从2010年世界女排大奖赛单项技术统计分析中国女排的优势与差距

采用录像观察法、数理统计法、文献资料法、比较分析法,对2010年世界女排大奖赛总决赛中国队的比赛录像进行各项技术数据统计分析研究,结果表明：中国女排一传不稳,功力不扎实,网上实力薄弱,是本次世界女排大奖赛中中国女排失利的主要原因。     

运动员高原训练返回平原训练血象指标的变化观察

探讨运动员高原训练之后返回平原训练的血象指标变化规律。方法:取10名广西自由式摔跤男子运动员高原训练之后返回平原训练的不同时段(第3、14、28、35天),分别测试红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(HB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、白细胞(WBC)及分类、血小板(PLT)等18项血象指标。结果:RBC、HB、HCT在不同时段出现不同的变化,其中第3天至14天是逐渐下降的过程,14天形成一个低谷,28天回升到高峰,第35天又呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。WBC及分类、血小板等指标也有一定的规律性变化,但无统计学意义。结论:运动员高原训练之后返回平原训练的不同时间血象指标的变化有一定规律性,对评定高原训练的效果及运动员机能状态和体能的恢复情况的准确判断有着重要意义。     

广州亚运会女排决赛中韩双方一攻效果分析

通过录像观察法、数理统计法对中国女排全队和个别队员的一攻效果数据统计和分析,希望发现中国女排和韩国女排之间的差异和不足,并且指出中国队在一攻方面存在的问题和相应的对策,以期为中国女排备战2012年奥运会提供一些依据。     

第8届女足世界杯4强球队进球特征分析

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、对比分析法等方法对第8届法国女足世界杯比赛4强球队的进球相关指标数据进行分析。对他们所参加的28场比赛中,所进的62个进球作为研究对象。在女足世界杯历史中,本届世界杯首次运用了VAR系统。这在一定关键的时刻影响着主裁判对于比赛的关键判罚甚至改变比赛局势的走向。在这样的背景下,从中来了解和认识未来世界女足强队的走向和发展趋势。主要结论:(1)4强球队在进球之前的连续传球次数绝大部分在0-3次这个区间完成;(2)最主要的进球方式是在禁区内抢点直接射门;(3)1区和2区是进球数量最多的进球区域。     

体育教师实践性知识研究

方法：采用自编的《体育教师有效教学行为》问卷对120名中小学体育教师施测,再结合访谈法和观察法,对中小学体育教师实践知识的特性、形成及影响因素等加以研究。目的：通过对体育教师实践知识的现状、影响因素的考察,增强教师的自尊和自信,促进教师的专业发展。结论：不同性别,职称、地域的教师的实践性知识有一定的差异性;教师实践性知识可通过自我反思和理论提升两种途径获得,教师实践性知识可通过建立学习共同体的方式加以传承;教育理念、自我的认识、教学策略以及反思是影响体育教师实践知识形成的因素。     

从第30届奥运会男篮比赛谈中国男篮目前存在的问题

通过实况录像、数理统计、比较等方法,从得失分、篮板球、失误抢断等重要技术指标,对中国队在第30届奥运会男篮比赛的5场比赛进行了客观的分析定位,着重指出中国男篮在身体条件、技战术意识、心理素质等方面存在的问题和解决方案,旨在为提高中国队的技战术水平提供参考。