Mind the gap: accountability,observation and special education

There is an absence of observation-based tools designed to evaluate teaching in special education classrooms. Evaluations derived from classroom observations are integral to the accountability process, adding value to understanding teaching and learning by providing a lens into the classroom that test scores cannot capture. The present paper systematically examined existing classroom observation tools, identifying constructs measured and noting elements unique to special education classrooms. Results demonstrate that most extant tools tap into three primary categories of teacher behaviours, but overlook the role paraprofessionals play as well as teacher professional behaviours. Taken together, results reflect the need for a tool designed specifically for special education classrooms. Limitations and implications for practice and policy are discussed.     

关于积分概念认识的统一性

针对积分认识的特点,将重积分、曲线积分和曲面积分的认识统一到一元函数的定积分,归纳为定义在上的“点函数”(P)的统一积分形式:lim∑(Pi)△Vi=(P)dV。对积分定义、性质、计算和应用等方面的统一性作了系统的论述,给出了应用上较方便的积分微元法定义,并运用实例对积分认识的统一性进行佐证。     

对电工技术多媒体教学的探索

通过课件制作的实践，初步对多媒体教学进行了探讨，阐述了应用多媒体技术进行教学的优越性。     

Governance of higher education - implementation of project governance

This article focuses on coordination between governance actors in higher education. The object of the study is a department at a public university, seen as a multi-project environment. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and analyze project governance as a tool that allows departmental management to coordinate with the authorities, the board and the management at different levels at the university. The importance of project governance as a coordination tool relates to the expected function of project governance to coordinate with governance actors and to project governance implementation, which affects relationships between actors. Another finding of the case study is the importance of accountability both for functionality and for the implementation of project governance, and, by extension, for coordination with governance actors.     

新型给水管材水力工况对比分析

通过对各种新型给水管材之间水力工况的比较和分析，推得各种管径的新型给水管材与相应公称直径的镀锌钢管单位长度水头损失的比值K，由于管材间水力工况的不同，在工程设计、旅工中更换管材时，不能简单地用相同或相近管径的管材互相替代，而应重新对系统进行水力计算。     

数学计算能力的培养策略探研

计算能力是一项基本的数学能力,培养学生具有一定的计算能力,是数学教学的一项重要任务。教师在数学考试中不难发现学生由于计算出错而丢分的现象,因此在平时的教学中应有意识培养学生的计算能力。文章从明确培养计算能力的目标、培养学生的计算兴趣和计算习惯、家长督促等方面阐述提高学生计算能力的有效途径。     

CILT2000: Community Tools

Community tools are technologies designed to foster social processes of learning through active inquiry, project-based learning, and related collaborative pedagogical approaches. Current research and development in this field are moving from generic tool design towards the development of sociotechnical systems that address learning in relation to specific domains of knowledge or activity and social issues such as equitable access to learning opportunities.     

Time Collocation Method for Structural Dynamic Problems

In order to achieve highly accurate and efficient numerical calculations of structural dynamics, time collocation method is presented. For a given time interval, the numerical solution of the method is approximated by a polynomial. The polynomial coefficients are evaluated by solving alge-braic equation. Once the polynomial coefficients are evaluated, the numerical solutions at any time in the interval can be easily calculated. New formulae are derived for the polynomial coefficients, which are more practical and succinct than those previously given. Two structural dynamic equations are calculated by the proposed method. The numerical solutions are compared with the traditional fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results show that the method proposed is highly accurate and computationally efficient. In addition, an important advantage of the method is the simplicity in software programming.     

The design and development of the dragoon intelligent tutoring system for model construction: lessons learned

This paper describes Dragoon, a simple intelligent tutoring system which teaches the construction of models of dynamic systems. Modelling is one of seven practices dictated in two new sets of educational standards in the U.S.A., and Dragoon is one of the first systems for teaching model construction for dynamic systems. Dragoon can be classified as a step-based tutoring system that uses example-tracing, an explicit pedagogical policy and an open learner model. Dragoon can also be used for computer-supported collaborative learning, and provides tools for classroom orchestration. This paper describes the features, user interfaces, and architecture of Dragoon; compares and contrasts Dragoon with other intelligent tutoring systems; and presents a brief overview of formative and summative evaluations of Dragoon in both high school and college classes. Of four summative evaluations, three found that students who used Dragoon learned more about the target system than students who did equivalent work without Dragoon.     

普通车床数控化改造初探

机床数控化改造研究是提高我国技术装备水平的重要项目.我国目前拥有大量超期服役和技术陈旧的机床急待更新.由于资金受限,相比于添置新的数控机床,对机床进行数控化改造是一条节约资金、快速上马的有效途径.机床的数控化改造具有针对性强、大大节约原材料和资金以及扩大机床应用范围等优点,主要内容包括总体设计方案的确定、对机床导轨进行改造设计和自动回转刀架的选型与安装等.