味觉嗜好学习对游泳运动大鼠支链氨基酸及神经递质变化的影响

目的:探讨氨基酸嗜好学习建立后游泳运动大鼠血、脑脊液中BCAA、GABA、Trp及其代谢产物的关系,为延缓或消除运动性疲劳探索新的途径.方法:采用HPLC法测定味觉嗜好学习建立后,进行7天适宜、力竭游泳运动后大鼠血、脑脊液中支链氨基酸及神经递质变化.结果:血液中BCAA浓度变化趋势是力竭游泳对照组显著高于空白对照组,P<0.05;脑脊液中氨基酸嗜好组、氨基酸嗜好后适宜游泳组显著低于空白对照组,P相似文献   

The oxygen-conserving potential of the diving response: A kinetic-based analysis

We investigated the oxygen-conserving potential of the human diving response by comparing trained breath-hold divers (BHDs) to non-divers (NDs) during simulated dynamic breath-holding (BH). Changes in haemodynamics [heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO)] and peripheral muscle oxygenation [oxyhaemoglobin ([HbO₂]), deoxyhaemoglobin ([HHb]), total haemoglobin ([tHb]), tissue saturation index (TSI)] and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were continuously recorded during simulated dynamic BH. BHDs showed a breaking point in HR kinetics at mid-BH immediately preceding a more pronounced drop in HR (?0.86 bpm.%^?1) while HR kinetics in NDs steadily decreased throughout BH (?0.47 bpm.%^?1). By contrast, SV remained unchanged during BH in both groups (all P > 0.05). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) results (mean ± SD) expressed as percentage changes from the initial values showed a lower [HHb] increase for BHDs than for NDs at the cessation of BH (+24.0 ± 10.1 vs. +39.2 ± 9.6%, respectively; P < 0.05). As a result, BHDs showed a [tHb] drop that NDs did not at the end of BH (?7.3 ± 3.2 vs. ?3.0 ± 4.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). The most striking finding of the present study was that BHDs presented an increase in oxygen-conserving efficiency due to substantial shifts in both cardiac and peripheral haemodynamics during simulated BH. In addition, the kinetic-based approach we used provides further credence to the concept of an “oxygen-conserving breaking point” in the human diving response.     

Influence of sex and limb dominance on lower extremity joint mechanics during unilateral land-and-cut manoeuvres

Limb dominance theory suggests that females tend to be more one-leg dominant and exhibit greater kinematic and kinetic leg asymmetries than their male counterparts, contributing to the increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury among female athletes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the influences of sex and limb dominance on lower extremity joint mechanics during unilateral land-and-cut manoeuvres. Twenty-one women and 21 men completed land-and-cut manoeuvres on their dominant limb as well as their nondominant limb. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were calculated bilaterally for the entire stance phase of the manoeuvre. Women performed land-and-cut manoeuvres with altered hip motions and loads as well as greater knee abduction at touchdown compared to men. Dominant limb land-and-cut manoeuvres where characterised by decreased hip flexion at touchdown as well as decreased hip flexion and adduction range of motion compared to nondominant land-and-cuts regardless of sex. The observed sex differences are consistent with previous research regarding mechanisms underlying the sex disparity in anterior cruciate ligament injury rates. However, observed differences regarding limb dominances appear somewhat arbitrary and did not suggest that the dominant or nondominant limb would be at increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury.     

影响男子排球运动员扣球起跳动作效果的 动力学研究

目的:研究男子排球运动员扣球起跳蹬地动作过程中,人体下肢的相关力学参数特征.对象:男子大学生排球运动员10名.方法:使用高速人体动作捕捉系统及三维测力台,对相关运动学和动力学参数进行采集.结果:①起跳过程中,地面反作用力峰值和均值均为优势腿大于非优势腿;②非优势腿地面反作用力峰值与重心最大高度呈高度负相关(r=-0.961,P=0.002＜0.05);③双脚同时着地过程中,优势腿地面反作用力冲量明显大于非优势腿,两脚地面反作用力冲量差与重心最大高度呈显著负相关(r=-0.531,P=0.034＜0.05).结论:①在后排起跳过程中,优势腿与非优势腿表现出不同的用力形式;②应当通过适当控制非优势腿在着地初期的制动作用,并在双脚最后用力阶段有意识地提高非优势腿的参与程度,以提高人体的起跳高度;③排球运动员髌腱炎的发病可能与踝关节绕矢状轴力矩和膝关节绕垂直轴力矩较大有关.     

Shoe drop reduction influences the lower limb biomechanics of children tennis players during an open stance forehand: A longitudinal study

Compared to traditional tennis shoes, using 0-drop shoes was shown to induce an immediate switch from rear- to forefoot strike pattern to perform an open stance tennis forehand for 30% of children tennis players. The purpose of the study was to examine the long-term effects of a gradual reduction in the shoe drop on the biomechanics of children tennis players performing open stance forehands. Thirty children tennis players participated in 2 laboratory biomechanical test sessions (intermediate: +4 months and final: +8 months) after an inclusion visit where they were randomly assigned to control (CON) or experimental (EXP) group. CON received 12-mm-drop shoes twice, whereas EXP received 8?mm then 4-mm-drop shoes. Strike index indicated that all CON were rearfoot strikers in intermediate and final test sessions. All EXP were rearfoot strikers in intermediate test session, but half the group switched towards a forefoot strike pattern in final test session. This switch resulted in a decreased loading rate of the ground reaction force (?73%, p?=?.005) but increased peak ankle plantarflexors moment (+47%, p?=?.050) and peak ankle power absorption (+107%, p?=?.005) for these participants compared with CON. Biomechanical changes associated with the long-term use of partial minimalist shoes suggest a reduction in heel compressive forces but an increase in Achilles tendon tensile forces.     

负荷时间长短对纵跳能力影响的动力学研究

分析受试者在功率自行车上不同运动负荷时间后纵跳的动力学特征变化规律 ,研究结论 :①大强度持续运动约 3min左右 ,纵跳的爆发力、平均功率、平均力值等动力学指标显著上升 ;运动 5min后 ,上述指标的变化情况正好相反 ;②只有在适宜的运动负荷时间后 ,纵跳的动力学特征才进入有利于运动能力发挥的较好的组合状态     

中外优秀标枪运动员投掷步技术的运动学比较

通过对我国优秀标枪运动员和世界优秀标枪运动员投掷技术的运动学比较研究.结果表明,现阶段我国标枪运动员投掷步技术存在的一些问题,是阻碍我国标枪运动水平进一步提高的主要原因.并针对这些问题,提出相应的训练方法和技术改进措施,使训练更具有针对性与目的性.     

几种碱改性ACF电极材料对电容性吸附处理RO浓水氨氮及其动力学研究

实验选用Na OH、KOH及氨水为电容性吸附电极材料活性碳纤维ACF的改性剂,通过比较原材料与几种改性材料去除盐分和氨氮效果,研究其电容性吸附氨氮动力学过程,实验结果表明:改性ACF相比未改性活性碳纤维电容性吸附污染物质发生变化,其中氨氮改性后ACF在盐分和氨氮去除上都表现出优越性,ACF-NH3除盐平均去除率达到9.69%,高于ACF-unmodified5.29%,氨氮平均去除率达到41.80%,高于改性前的27.33%;Na OH和KOH改性ACF在氨氮去除上均低于改性前,但其平均除盐率分别为6.53%、6.64%高于改性前;准一级、二级和Elovich经典动力学模拟其氨氮吸附动力学表明准一级和二级动力学具有更高的R2但其qe值误差较大,相比Elovich则能反应出其吸附趋势;另外,通过高斯多项式模拟结果和趋势均较经典动力学符合其吸附过程,R2均大于0.9557,一定程度上可以借鉴使用。     

4-一溴联苯醚的紫外光降解反应研究

以汞灯为光源研究了4-一溴联苯醚在有机溶剂中的光化学反应特性,探讨了初始浓度、紫外光源和溶剂介质对其光解速率的影响。结果表明,4-一溴联苯醚在有机溶剂中的紫外光降解均符合准一级动力学规律;300 W汞灯下,4-一溴联苯醚在不同有机溶剂中的光解速率存在明显差异,其在正己烷中的降解速率与甲醇接近,分别为1.22 min-1和1.20 min-1,而在丙酮中光解速率显著降低,仅为0.0082 min-1;光源强度越高,4-一溴联苯醚降解速率越快;因竞争吸光作用,溶液初始浓度也对4-一溴联苯醚的光解反应有影响,初始浓度增高其降解速率减慢。     

Musculoskeletal stiffness during hopping and running does not change following downhill backwards walking

Eccentric contractions that provide spring energy can also cause muscle damage. The aim of this study was to explore leg and vertical stiffness following muscle damage induced by an eccentric exercise protocol. Twenty active males completed 60 minutes of backward-walking on a treadmill at 0.67 m/s and a gradient of ? 8.5° to induce muscle damage. Tests were performed immediately before; immediately post; and 24, 48, and 168 hours post eccentric exercise. Tests included running at 3.35 m/s and hopping at 2.2 Hz using single- and double-legged actions. Leg and vertical stiffness were measured from kinetic and kinematic data, and electromyography (EMG) of five muscles of the preferred limb were recorded during hopping. Increases in pain scores (over 37%) occurred post-exercise and 24 and 48 hours later (p < 0.001). A 7% decrease in maximal voluntary contraction occurred immediately post-exercise (p = 0.019). Changes in knee kinematics during single-legged hopping were observed 168 hours post (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in EMG, creatine kinase activity, leg, or vertical stiffness. Results indicate that knee mechanics may be altered to maintain consistent levels of leg and vertical stiffness when eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage is present in the lower legs.