Skating mechanics of change-of-direction manoeuvres in ice hockey players

Ice hockey requires rapid transitions between skating trajectories to effectively navigate about the ice surface. Player performance relates in large part to effective change-of-direction manoeuvres, but little is known about how those skills are performed mechanically and the effect of equipment design on them. The purpose of this study was to observe the kinetics involved in those manoeuvres as well as to compare whether kinetic differences may result between two skate models of varying ankle mobility. Eight subjects with competitive ice hockey playing experience performed rapid lateral (90°) left and right change-of-direction manoeuvres. Kinetic data were collected using force strain gauge transducers on the blade holders of the skates. Significantly greater forces were applied by the outside skate (50–70% body weight, %BW) in comparison to the inside skate (12–24%BW, p < 0.05). Skate model and turn direction had no main effect, though significant mixed interactions between leg side (inside/outside) with skate model or turn direction (p < 0.05) were observed, with a trend for left-turn dominance. This study demonstrates the asymmetric dynamic behaviour inherent in skating change-of-direction tasks.     

Effects of small-volume soccer and vibration training on body composition,aerobic fitness,and muscular PCr kinetics for inactive women aged 20–45

PurposeThe present study investigated the effects of 16 weeks of small-volume, small-sided soccer training soccer group (SG, n = 13) and oscillating whole-body vibration training vibration group (VG, n = 17) on body composition, aerobic fitness, and muscle PCr kinetics in healthy inactive premenopausal women in comparison with an inactive control group (CO, n = 14).MethodsTraining for SG and VG consisted of twice-weekly 15-min sessions with average heart rates (HRs) of ∼155 and 90 bpm respectively. Pre- and post-measurements of body composition (DXA), phosphocreatine (PCr) on- and off-kinetics, and HR measurements during standardised submaximal exercise were performed.ResultsAfter 16 weeks of training in SG, fat percentage was lowered (p = 0.03) by 1.7% ± 2.4% from 37.5% ± 6.9% to 35.8% ± 6.2% and the PCr decrease in the quadriceps during knee-extension ramp exercise was attenuated (4% ± 8%, p = 0.04), with no changes in VG or CO (time-group effect: p = 0.03 and p = 0.03). Submaximal exercise HR was also reduced in SG after 16 weeks of training (6% ± 5% of HR_max, p = 0.01).ConclusionShort duration soccer training for 16 weeks appears to be sufficient to induce favourable changes in body composition and indicators of aerobic fitness and muscle oxidative capacity in untrained premenopausal women.     

TiN薄膜常压化学气相沉积及动力学研究

在玻璃基片温度400℃和650℃之间，讨论了TiCl4-NH3-N2体系TiN常压化学气相沉积（APCVD）及动力学。在500－650℃温度范围内。TiN在高温玻璃表面沉积为反应物扩散控制，低于400℃为表面反应控制，其沉积速度明显受玻璃温度，反应物浓度和气体流速影响。     

梁富亮单杠团身后空翻一周半越杠再握动作的运动学分析

通过运动学分析揭示了我国优秀运动员完成的单杠团身后空翻一周半越杠再握动作的运动学规律与技术特点,对于进一步发展此类动作有积极的作用.     

脂肪酸合成酶缩合中心的羧负离子结合部位

本文对六个修饰巯基的试剂失活脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)的动力学进行了系统研究,发现它们与FAS的作用是否属于亲和标记,修饰巯基时的专一性,以及盐和NADPH有无保护,均只与该试剂分子中有无羧基负离子有关,提出在FAS的缩合中心存在一个对羧负离子有特异亲和力的结合部位.该部位可能是丙二酰基在缩合中心的结合部位,为缩合反应所必需,它使携带了丙二酰基的活臂向缩合中心运动,并结合于此进行缩合反应.     

阻抑甲基橙褪色催化动力学光度法测定痕量钴(Ⅱ)

在稀HNO4介质中,Co(Ⅱ)对高碘酸钾氧化甲基橙褪色反应具有阻抑作用,且阻抑反应的强弱与加入Co(Ⅱ)离子浓度成正比,由此建立了阻抑甲基橙褪色催化动力学光度法测定痕量Co(Ⅱ)的新光度分析方法。研究了最佳实验条件,吸光度为502nm处,阻抑反应吸光度(A)与非阻抑反应吸光度(A0)的差值△A与钴(Ⅱ)质量浓度在0.003-1.0μg/25 mL范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0981×10-10g/mL。测定了动力学参数,反应为准一级反应,表观活化能为63.24 kJ/mol,在80℃下反应的表观速率常数为6.70×10-4/s。该方法可用于药用VB12针剂中痕量Co(Ⅱ)测定,回收率在97~102%之间,符合痕量分析要求。     

Synthesis of polyketone by copolymerization of styrene and CO using carbon nanotube-complex Pd2+ catalyst

The dipping method was devised to deposit Pd onto carbon nanotube as supported catalyst(Pd/CNT) for the copolymerization of carbon monoxide(CO) and styrene(ST) towards the formation of polyketone(PK).The Pd/CNT was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).The construction and crystallization property of PK were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),13C-nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and XRD,respectively.The catalyst showed excellent activity and reusability in promoting the fabrication of PK.It can be recycled 14 times with the highest total catalytic activity of 4 239.64 gPK/(gPd·h) at Pd content of 8.63wt%.The results indicate that the prepared catalyst is effective to catalyze the copolymerization of CO and styrene.     

Fe_3O_4/C/Pd复合材料的制备及催化Suzuki反应研究

通过实验制备出了Fe3O4、Fe3O4/C、Fe3O4/C/Pd纳米粒子,并将其应用于Suzuki偶联反应.以Fe3O4为载体通过溶剂热法将C包覆在Fe3O4上,再在得到的复合材料上包覆Pd得到Fe3O4/C/Pd催化剂.通过X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物进行表征,并对结果进行粒径形貌分析.实验结果表明,Suzuki反应在以DMF/H2O(V/V=1)为溶剂,Na2CO3为碱时,在反应温度为80℃下,反应5 h时催化剂的催化性能最佳.     

催化裂化油浆复配溶剂精制分离工艺研究

以兰州石化公司炼油厂催化裂化油浆为原料,以糠醛和正辛烷复配剂为分离溶剂,将油浆中的饱和烃和稠环芳烃分离。考察了萃取温度、停留时间、质量溶剂比和萃取级数对精制油收率和性质的影响。实验结果表明,在萃取温度为60℃,停留时间为30min,质量溶剂比为2.5:1,萃取级数为3级时,油浆中的饱和烃和多环芳香烃的分离效果较好。精制油中饱和烃的含量高达75%以上,且所得精制油具有较好的催化裂化性能,液体收率达76%,提取油可作为芳香型橡胶填充油的调和组分。     

酸枝锯末对Cr(VI)的吸附研究

实验研究了酸枝锯末对模拟含铬废水中的Cr（VI）的吸附性能,静态吸附结果表明,酸枝锯末对Cr（VI）具有较好的吸附效果．锯末对Cr（VI）的吸附率随着锯末用量的增加而增大;随着溶液初始pH的增大,吸附效果降低;随着吸附温度的上升,吸附效果升高．酸枝锯末对Cr（VI）的吸附符合拟二级吸附动力学模型（R2〉0．99）,吸附平衡前,颗粒内扩散为吸附速率的主要控制步骤;吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温线（砰〉0．99）来描述．吸附热力学研究表明,酸枝锯末对Cr（VI）的吸附为自发的吸热反应过程．