古汉语变读构词中的本义与引申义

判定变读构词类型,必须区分原始词、滋生词的本义及引申义,并明确是何者参与构词;滋生新词需改变读音,而引申新义则不需要;同一词类变换方式,或为滋生或为引申,并不固定.     

A single nucleotide mutation in the dual-oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene causes some of the panda's unique metabolic phenotypes

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an iconic bear native to China, famous for eating almost exclusively bamboo. This unusual dietary behavior for a carnivore is enabled by several key adaptations including low physical activity, reduced organ sizes and hypothyroidism leading to lowered energy expenditure. These adaptive phenotypes have been hypothesized to arise from a panda-unique single-nucleotide mutation in the dual-oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene, involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. To test this hypothesis, we created genome-edited mice carrying the same point mutation as the panda and investigated its effect on metabolic phenotype. Homozygous mice were 27% smaller than heterozygous and wild-type ones, had 13% lower body mass-adjusted food intake, 55% decreased physical activity, lower mass of kidneys (11%) and brain (5%), lower serum thyroxine (T4: 36%), decreased absolute (12%) and mass-adjusted (5%) daily energy expenditure, and altered gut microbiota. Supplementation with T4 reversed the effects of the mutation. This work uses a state-of-the-art genome editing approach to demonstrate the link between a single-nucleotide mutation in a key endocrine-related gene and profound adaptive changes in the metabolic phenotype, with great importance in ecology and evolution.     

青春突增期不同发育类型男女生体型特征的研究

处在青春发育期的男、女孩骨龄的变化幅度明显大于生活年龄。同年龄、同性别、不同发育类型组间男、女生的身高、体重、皮下脂肪量、肱骨远端宽、股骨远端宽、上臂紧张围、小腿围、体脂％ 和瘦体重等形态指标存在非常显著性差异,其变化规律与发育程度一致,均值依次为早发育＞ 正常发育＞ 晚发育。此外,三种不同发育类型男孩和女孩的体型特点为：早发育男孩和女孩的体型明显偏向内胚型、正常发育男孩和女孩的体型为中胚型、而晚发育男孩和女孩的体型则偏向外胚型     

关于开放教育面授教学到课率问题的思考

面授教学是开放教育学习支持服务的有机组成部分，具有不可替代的重要作用。但不可否认的是．由于学习者的特性、教学效果的不理想、学习环境的改变和电大管理模式等因素的作用，目前开放教育面授教学到课率呈下降趋势。解决这个问题必须从提高认识、提升质量、加强管理和推进考风建设等方面入手。     

Screen p53 mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma by FASAY:A novel splicing mutation

INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer in new cases per year (626 000) and the third most common cancer resulting in death (598 000) (Parkin et al., 2005). China is the country most seriously suffering from HCC, accounting for 55% of total cases and deaths worldwide per year. The clinical behavior of HCC is heterogeneous and difficult to predict, and in patients undergoing resec-tion, recurrence rates can be as high as 50% in two years and life ex…     

Safety analysis of optimal outriggers location in high-rise building structures

INTRODUCTION Outriggers location has direct influence on the efficiency of the horizontal deflection control in high-rise building structures. An appropriate outrigger location will be more efficient in minimizing the horizontal deflection and reducing the restraining moments mutation. As a result, the safety of a struc-ture subjected to lateral load is guaranteed to be better. Presently, the so-called optimal location of out-riggers is derived from the principle of minimum ultimate disp…     

不同噬菌体类型的谷氨酸高产菌株的选育

本实验采用乳糖发酵短杆菌B_(27-12)作为出发菌株进行试验,首先,通过噬菌体敏感性试验,证明B_(27-12)对天津短杆菌T_(6-13)的五种噬菌体不敏感,从而证明B_(27-12)与T_(6-13)是不同噬菌体类型的谷氨酸生产菌。然后,将B_(27-12)用诱变效率高的原生质体诱变方法进行诱变选育,得到产酸较高的突变株,再进一步通过硫酸二酯(DES)和紫外线复合诱变法进行诱变,选育得到一株产酸较高的突变株D_(16)。     

论基因突变的有害性与有利性

基因突变是生物体遗传物质发生改变的一种形式,它常给生物体带来明显而有害的表型变化,但有些变异对生物体是有利的。本文通过研究基因突变的有害性与有利性,旨在探索加强人类对有害基因突变的控制、对有利基因突变的利用的途径。     

Market mobilities/immobilities: mutation,path-dependency,and the spread of charter school policies in the United States

ABSTRACT

Over the past 25 years charter school policies have spread through the United States at a rapid pace. However, despite this rapid growth these policies have spread unevenly across the country with important variations in how charter school systems function in each state. Drawing on case studies in Michigan and Oregon, this article argues that mobile education policies are best conceptualized as made up of both mobile and immobile elements that continually shape and reshape those policies.     

Fast multi-swarm optimization based-on Cauchy mutation and crossover operation

The standard particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm is a novel evolutionary algorithm in which each particle studies its own previous best solution and the group＇s previous best solutions to optimization problems. One problem in PSO is its tendency of trapping into local optima. In this paper, a multi-swarm technique based on fast particle swarm optimization（FPSO） algorithm is proposed by introducing crossover operation. FPSO is global search algorithm which can prevent PSO from trapping into local optima in light of Cauchy mutation. Though it can get high optimizing precision, the convergence rate is not satisfactory. FMSO can not only find satisfying solutions, but also speed up the search.