When does the Forename End and the Surname Begin? Saints’ Names as Compound Forenames in Spanish

Abstract

While cataloging colonial-era Spanish-language materials, the investigator encountered personal names in which the forename, given in honor of a saint, includes a phrase-like qualifier such as a place name or attribute. In these situations, catalogers occasionally mistake the qualifier as part of the surname. Cataloging rules provide guidance in establishing compound surnames but not so much with forenames. For this article, 28 such forenames were searched in the Library of Congress Name Authority File to identify problematic authorized access points. Familiarity with naming customs in Spanish-speaking societies and with saints’ names is needed when creating or revising these access points.     

英国图书馆职业资格认证标准与实施制度分析

利用文献调查法与内容分析法对英国图书馆和信息专业人员特许协会职业资格认证标准和英国国家职业资格认证标准及相关实施制度进行解析：前者包含认证会员、注册会员和注册资深会员3种等级标准的认证,由专门的评审委员会担任认证实施机构,规定每个级别申请人的最低申请条件要求,并根据申请人提交的认证材料,遵循正规的认证程序实施制度化的资格认证;后者包含国家职业资格二级、三级与四级3个标准等级及其准入要求,通过计划、证据提供、反馈3个阶段的认证程序实施制度化的资格认证。最后分析英国图书馆职业资格认证所具有的5个主要特点。     

美国图书馆职业资格认证标准与实施制度分析

美国图书馆职业资格认证标准分为公共图书馆员、中小学图书馆员、图书馆管理者3类,其中公共图书馆员职业资格认证标准根据是否需要图书馆学硕士学位或图书馆学与信息科学硕士学位可细分为两类及其对应的不同等级;中小学图书馆员职业资格认证标准分为全国通用的和州立的两种类型,后者较为普遍,涉及教师许可证、硕士学位、图书馆媒体内容测试、其他测试和资格证书评价需满足的条件5个方面;图书馆管理者职业资格认证标准包含预算与经费、技术管理、组织与人事管理、建筑规划与管理等9个领域需达到的要求。上述3类认证的认证机构是不同的,但认证程序基本相同,且都可采用等级认证、学历认证、考试认证或交叉认证。对美国图书馆职业资格认证标准与实施制度的分析有助于为我国图书馆职业资格认证提供借鉴。     

“Can We Get There from Here?” Negotiating the Washouts,Cave-Ins,Dead Ends,and Other Hazards on the Road to Research on Africa

SUMMARY

This introduction to Africana reference describes the populations of researchers, the kinds of questions they ask, and how librarians–both specialist and generalist–may respond. It explores issues in “known-item” searches, including name authority and access to material in collected works and series. Choices made by authors, publishers, indexers, librarians, and researchers themselves have an impact on topic searches. Terminology for African languages, ethnic groups, place names, and topics cause problems for novice researchers, but library policy decisions can also impede access. Errors of all kinds–minor or major–can block access to information. The speed of electronic desktop publishing seems to have encouraged reduced care with proofreading, indexing, and verification of quotations and citations. The need for accurate information about Africa is great, but the market for publications and electronic resources focused on Africa is relatively small. This low market share can result in less coverage of Africa in indexes and reference tools. Despite the difficulties encountered in researching Africa, researchers and the librarians who assist them benefit from the tools, services, and initiatives of specialist Africana librarians and from a number of commercially produced resources.     

Mapping the Socio-Technical Complexity of Australian Science: From Archival Authorities to Networks of Contextual Information

SUMMARY

This article examines the evolution of a national register of the archives of science and technology in Australia and the related development of an archival informatics focused initially on people and their relationships to archival materials. The register was created in 1985 as an in-house tool for the Australian Science Archives Project of the University of Melbourne. Its potential as a public reference guide for historians of science and technology soon became apparent. The story of the computerisation and publication of the register provides the background for the examination of the use of archival authority records as a means of finding better ways of connecting archives with their potential users. The success of this approach led to demands from the community for a generic database tool using a framework based on the authoritative entities associated with archival materials-an activity that we started to call contextual information management. The Online Heritage Resource Manager (OHRM) was created in response to these calls, and the story of its development as a tool for mapping networks of contextual information is told in the latter part of the article.     

拉兹的权威命题的论证路径

理论和实践的划分是拉兹权威理论的起点,他将权威区分为理论权威与实践权威、事实权威与合法性权威等等。在他的整个权威体系中,合法性权威占据突出的地位,从而形成了其独特的“服务性权威”理论。拉兹的“服务性权威”的理论继承了哈特的“内在观点”的思想,并用三个命题来进行论证,包括依赖命题、常规证明命题和优先命题。     

Towards a Sustainable and Collaborative Data Model for Periodical Studies

This article advocates the development of a sustainable, structured, and open data model for periodical research. Considering the recent digital turn in periodical studies, it argues that a data model embracing Linked Open Data practices will not only facilitate collaboration among periodical scholars across language boundaries but also contribute to a better understanding of what periodicals are and how the relationships among periodicals may evolve over time. By way of illustration, the article presents the data model developed in the context of an ongoing five-year research project on women editors and their periodicals in early-eighteenth- to early-twentieth-century Europe.     

Problems and Solutions in Our “New World of Archives”

SUMMARY

This article introduces the volume by making a distinction between authority control and the broader notion of context control. After exploring the differences between the two, and offering a tentative definition of context control, the article describes the organization of the volume, and summarizes the articles from the perspective of context control. The article then discusses the main themes that emerge from the articles, including criteria for identifying ‘new’ records-creating entities when some aspect of the current one changes, the role of standards, and the resources required to fully document contextual information. The article concludes by noting that this is a complex and evolving area in need of more study and reporting.     

解构德里罗小说中的逆“逻格斯中心”特征

解析德里罗小说中的逆＂逻格斯＂特征在其作品创作结构、小说内部系统及文本语言、作品中人物意识形态上的体现,进而说明完全中心和绝对在场不可能完全反映和解决客观世界的所有矛盾冲突性、不确定性和变化性。