试论“私小说”诞生、发展及其影响力

"私小说"是日本近代文坛一种独特的文学现象,它在日本文学史上具有极高的地位和影响力。本文通过分析其产生背景、诞生、发展及其影响力,从而帮助我们更好的了解日本近代文学,进而更好的了解日本民族和日本文化。     

论社会变革对我国人口老龄化的决定性作用

与西方国家的老龄化问题的成因不同,我国人口老龄化的决定性因素是建国以来经历的两次重大的社会变革：第一次社会变革奠定了人口老龄化的社会基础,第二次社会变革创造了人口老龄化的实现条件。20世纪70年代的计划生育政策所以能够顺利实施,是以新中国成立后迅速下降的死亡率为基础的。建国以来的两次社会变节,还改变了人们的生育意愿和生育文化。     

影响农民生育行为因素的多元分析

计划生育的实施,有效的遏制了农村人口迅速增长的势头,农民生育子女的数目与过去相比有所减少,但并没有改变农民对男孩的追求,这往往造成多生。为了理解农民的生育逻辑,从政治社会学的角度进行了分析:提高政治社会地位的需要;获得精神上的满足;传统生育文化的影响。由于上面若干方面的原因,要实现农民生育行为的有效控制,指望农民自觉控制人口的空间很小,因此,国家必须对农民的生育行为进行强制性控制,否则,就可能导致农村人口的失控。     

真信无畏 大敬不黩——林则徐与城隍信仰

林则徐青少年时代,不仅清统治者提倡城隍信仰,且其特定的居住环境、家庭环境都洋溢着浓厚的城隍信仰的氛围。城隍信仰中"清正廉洁、勤政爱民"的吏治精神,对青少年林则徐起着潜移默化的浸润作用。在官宦生涯中,林则徐遵守国家礼规,组织、参与了城隍官祭活动。出于"忠君爱民",林则徐最频繁组织、参与的城隍官祭活动是水旱的"祈报祀"。林则徐对城隍信仰的基本态度是"真信无畏、大敬不黩"。     

梁辰鱼生卒年及《浣纱记》创作年代考

梁辰鱼的传奇《浣纱记》是昆剧史上里程碑式的作品,对于粱氏生卒年及《浣纱记》的创作时间,学界存在争论。经考证,梁生于正德十五年庚辰（公元1520年1月-1521年2月）,卒于万历二十年壬辰（公元1592年2月～公元1593年2月）;《浣纱记》创作于嘉靖末年,约公元1562-1566年间。     

Helpful Resources for Childbirth Educators and Parents

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on a variety of books and CDs that address topics related to the politics of midwifery in the United States, preparing expectant parents for childbirth, babywearing techniques, breastfeeding guides, and a child''s perspective of home birth.     

A Season for Birth

In this column, the editor of the Journal of Perinatal Education reflects on changing seasons and how birth remains a constant wonder. The editor also describes the contents of this issue, which offer a broad range of resources, research, and inspiration for childbirth educators in their efforts to promote normal birth.     

Each One Unique

A young mother shares the stories of her two sons'' births. Her first birth experience was complicated by muscle spasms and changes in her baby''s heart rate during labor and, later, by medical problems with her baby in the days after birth. The mother''s strength and commitment shine through at every twist and turn during labor and the days after her son''s birth. Two years later, in contrast to her first son''s birth, the mother''s second son was born so quickly that labor presented a different set of challenges. The mother''s confidence in birth and in herself are essential facets of the stories of the births of her two sons.     

New Resources for Childbirth Educators and Parents

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on a variety of new media resources for childbirth educators and for expectant and new parents. The topics of DVDs and books reviewed here include fatherhood, labor-support techniques, optimal labor positions, infant massage, breastfeeding, healthy nutrition during the childbearing year, understanding a newborn''s cues, personal viewpoints on cesarean birth, and postpartum massage.     

出生性别比的统计质量控制

本文试图突破"出生人口性别比计算必须依据大样本"的观点.在限定条件下,采用小样本推断方法,借助统计质量控制,对出生人口性别进行实时统计分析。