心胸外科教学中注重创新思维培养

创新是人类社会发展与进步的永恒动力,创新教育是培养创新型人才的中心内容。创新思维是指有开创性的思维,是在创造性活动中,开拓人类认识新领域、开创人类认识新成果的思维活动。培养具有创新能力的创新型人才是教育教学发展的目标。文章阐述了通过树立正确的教育理念、优化育人环境、运用激励机制等途径在心胸外科教学中培养学生创新思维的方法和途径。     

浅谈医学生外科动物实验教学的体会

外科手术实验教学的关键是增强学生的无菌观念,加强学生外科手术基本操作技术的培养,提高学生临床综合操作技能。本文主要对医学生外科动物手术实验课教学中遇到的问题进行分析并总结。     

视频化案例教学法在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学教学中的应用

视频化案例教学法是一种以临床疾病的诊断治疗为主线,以实体化、视频化的病例展示为核心的一种全新的案例教学方法。本文提出了视频化案例教学法在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学教学中应用的必要性,分析了该教学方法的课前准备、课堂实施及教学效果。该方法在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学教学中降低了教学难度,提高了学生学习的积极性和主动性,取得了良好的教学效果。     

国际合作对论文影响力提升的作用研究*--以外科学为例

以2009-2011年Web of Science中收录外科学研究文献为分析对象,比较国际合作与国内合作、主导论文与从属论文在提高论文影响力上的不同,以验证国际合作是否能提高科研论文的影响力。通过检验不同国家、不同机构与被引频次之间的关系,开展了相关性分析和比较分析,了解合作中不同国家所发挥的作用和影响。结果表明,国际合作有利于提高影响力,国内合作效果不如国际合作;合作国家数量与被引用频次之间存在弱相关关系,但相关度高于国内机构数与被引频次,选择合作国家对论文影响力有重要作用。     

A Surgical View of Anatomy: Perspectives from Students and Instructors

As curricular emphasis on anatomy in undergraduate medical education continues to evolve, new approaches to anatomical education are urgently needed to prepare medical students for residency. A surgical anatomy class was designed for third- and fourth-year medical students to explore important anatomical relationships by performing realistic surgical procedures on anatomical donors. Under the guidance of both surgeons and anatomists, students in this month-long elective course explored key anatomical relationships through performing surgical approaches, with the secondary benefit of practicing basic surgical techniques. Procedures, such as left nephrectomy, first rib resection for thoracic outlet syndrome, and carotid endarterectomy, were adapted from those used clinically by multiple surgical subspecialties. This viewpoint commentary highlights perspectives from students and instructors that suggest the value of a surgical approach to anatomical education for medical students preparing for procedure-oriented residencies, with the goals of: (1) describing the elective at the authors' institution, (2) promoting similar efforts across different institutions, and (3) encouraging future qualitative and quantitative studies of similar pedagogic efforts.     

软组织虚拟手术仿真的关键技术探析

在介绍了软组织虚拟手术仿真一般过程的基础上,从图像分割、三维重建、物理建模三方面探讨了其关键技术,并指出虚拟手术仿真技术的应用对辅助确定病灶位置、制定最佳手术方案和提高手术成功率具有十分重要的意义;提升虚拟仿真技术的应用价值,关键在于完善组织器官的几何和物理建模,真实地模拟手术时器官的功能状态及其变化。     

研究腹腔镜肝胆手术围术期采用不同剂量右美托咪定全身麻醉的效果

目的分析研究腹腔镜肝胆手术围术期采用不同剂量右美托咪定全身麻醉的效果。方法选择自2019年1月至2020年5月,在我院进行腹腔镜肝胆手术的50例右美托咪定全身麻患者。按右美托咪定的剂量不同分为参照组和观察组,每组各25例患者。患者围术期选择右美托咪定作为麻醉镇静药品,其中参照组选用0.35μg/kg的右美托咪定,观察组选用0.75μg/kg的右美托咪定。观察记录患者围术期间泵入右美托咪定时的心率(HR),以及麻醉后的镇静评分(Ramsay),并详细记录两组患者的拔管时间以及Aldrete苏醒评分结果,最后对比两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者的HR指标及Ramsay评分结果优于参照组(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率低于参照组(P<0.05);两组患者拔管时间基本相似(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义;观察组Aldrete苏醒评分优于参照组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论腹腔镜肝胆手术选用0.75μg/kg的右美托咪定后的麻醉镇静,能够显著提升镇静评分(Ramsay)以及Aldrete苏醒评分,同时还能够最大限度地降低患者麻醉期间的不良反应。因此,建议在腹腔镜肝胆手术中选择0.75μg/kg剂量的右美托咪定。     

低分子肝素对普通外科手术后静脉血栓形成的预防作用

普外科腹部手术后的病人存在较高的发生静脉血栓栓塞(Venous Thromboembolism,VTE)的风险,经过最近几年的研究发现,在预防术后血栓的药物中,低分子肝素(LMWH)可能比普通肝素等其他药物更优越,在西方国家低分子肝素现已成为术后预防血栓性疾病的首选药物。     

Innovation in Practice: Preparing Doulas to Support Cesarean Births

Despite growing initiatives to support patient-centered labor and birth care, implementation of this care in the operating room is still limited. Doulas can be utilized in the operating room to facilitate evidence-based practices such as skin-to-skin contact for patients and newborns during cesarean birth. This article evaluates a curriculum and training method that was developed to educate doulas to provide safe and effective care during the cesarean birth experience. This intervention was found to be effective at improving doulas'' self-perceived confidence in skills essential to support cesarean births and may serve as a model for other institutions to address barriers to the implementation of patient-centered evidence-based care in the operating room.     

Social Media, Power, and the Future of VBAC

The Internet has been called a disruptive technology because it has shifted power and altered the economics of doing business, whether that business is selling books or providing health care. Social media have accelerated the pace of disruption by enabling interactive information sharing and blurring the lines between the "producers" and "consumers" of knowledge, goods, and services. In the wake of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) and major national recommendations for maternity care reform, activated, engaged consumers face an unprecedented opportunity to drive meaningful changes in VBAC access and safety. This article examines the role of social networks in informing women about VBAC, producing low-cost, accessible decision aids, and enabling multi-stakeholder collaborations toward workable solutions that remove barriers women face in accessing VBAC.