计算情报初探

[目的/意义]面向发展情报,未来的情报工作可能面临解决多维目标问题,以及实现每个目标的多重发展路径的选取问题,传统的情报方法在解决多情报并行问题上无法满足大规模人力需求,需要借助人工智能、脑科学、认知技术等手段,通过计算机来计算情报、辅助决策。文章从量化计算对科学研究的重要作用入手,分析计算情报的重要意义。[方法/过程]将计算情报界定为以计算机的"运算能力(大数据)"为经,"计算思维(人工智能)"为纬进行情报的量化分析和判断,针对计算情报面临的挑战与机遇进行了分析;提出实现计算情报的两个前提和一个转化基本思路,两个前提是大数据环境和人工智能技术,一个转化是将情报活动中的过程性的主观决策转化为客观概率上的不确定性,并通过"证据链模型"探索计算情报的实现途径。[结果/结论]认为当前环境下,计算情报是可能实现的。计算情报的实现不仅需要情报与信息技术、人工智能技术融合,还需要应用以数学理论为代表的基础科学理论。     

双重低碳营销补贴下供应链低碳策略的演化博弈

在政府给予制造商、零售商,制造商给予零售商的双重低碳营销补贴的背景下,考虑由上游制造商与下游零售商组成的二级供应链,研究供应链的减排活动及低碳营销问题,建立上下游企业以推动低碳产品流动为目标的低碳投入演化博弈模型,探讨上下游企业低碳投入行为的演化稳定策略。结果表明：制造商与零售商的低碳策略与双方低碳投入收益比和政府补贴密切相关,当低碳投入收益比和政府补贴不断变化时,出现多种演化稳定均衡。针对低碳投入中零售商的“搭便车”行为问题,分析了制造商低碳营销补贴机制下的演化博弈结果,并探讨补贴激励的适用条件。     

A blockchain-based framework of cross-border e-commerce supply chain

Blockchain technology provides us a new tool to solve the product traceability problem in supply chain management. This research focuses on the cross-border e-commerce context, to propose a blockchain-based framework, and develop a set of corresponding techniques and methods for achieving traceable products and transactions in supply chain management. A general blockchain-based product traceability framework is introduced. This framework is based on a cross-border e-commerce supply chain context, incorporating a series of blockchain-based models, including multi-chain structure model, data management model and block structure model. Several core methods and algorithms are also developed, such as information anchoring method, key distribution method, information encryption algorithm and anti-counterfeiting method. The framework, models and methods form a complete and comprehensive solution, which are evaluated by applying to several typical problems and attack cases. The case analysis results show that the framework, models and methods can successfully deal with key recover problem, and protect against clone attack, counterfeit tag attack and counterfeit product attack. The effectiveness, extendibility, security, implementation and governance issues of applying these solutions are also discussed. This research contributes to the theoretical and practical literatures on blockchain technology, cross-border e-commerce and supply chain management research fields.     

Blockchain in the operations and supply chain management: Benefits,challenges and future research opportunities

Blockchain technologies have captured the imagination of scholars, managers, and practitioners around the world. It is widely accepted by these actors that blockchain is not a buzzword, but a highly disruptive technology that is already remodeling the organizations and their supply chain business models. Despite the meaningful advance in the last years, blockchain applications regarding the operations and supply chain management (OSCM) are still in their infancy. Little is known about the role of blockchain in terms of operations traceability, as well in areas such as e-commerce, agriculture, public services, etc. Therefore, this Special Issue seeks to extend our understanding of blockchain applications in OSCM and how firms create and capture business value with blockchain. To this effect, this Special Issue will provide a well-articulated and in-depth discussion of the role of blockchain in creating value in the domain of OSCM. Specifically, it is expected that more light is shed on how blockchain integrates with and impacts new business models, transforms relationships, and improves performance and competitive advantage in OSCM. Also, the evolution of blockchain was reviewed in order to provide a strong background to the readers. The literature review was performed taking into account a bibliometric perspective of blockchain-related publications. The review supports the importance of this Special Issue by highlighting the urgent needs of this topic in this reputable journal. Finally, we provide future research directions and a guide for the papers presented in this Special Issue.     

应用型SAP_ERP供应链实训课程的设计研究

21世纪,顾客消费力量的强大以及制造业多品种、小批量、短周期的生产,共同促进了物流及供应链的发展和变革,ERP与供应链的结合改变了供应链“看不见”以及物流不通畅的问题,极大地加强了供应链在成本、效率、交货期方面的竞争力。应用型ERP供应链体系的研究为企业流程再造、创新培养人才、变革ERP供应链课程培训提供了理论依据。     

基于业务流程的企业扁平化组织结构

为了适应经济全球化及剧烈竞争性环境,能对市场的快速变化作出及时反应,企业的组织形式正经历重大转变,由原来垂直的职能部门组织架构转变为横向的、以流程为基础的扁平化的组织结构。结合价值链这一分析工具,阐述了企业通过判定自身竞争优势来进行业务流程再造,从而构建扁平化的组织结构。     

供应链管理对提升产业集群竞争优势探讨

通过对产业集群形成和发展的分析,以供应链管理的核心思想正是引发产业集群价值链增值的机制为结合点,探讨了如何用供应链管理来提升产业集群的竞争优势。     

供应链不确定因素的预防策略研究

研究了供应链不确定因素的解决问题,通过对供应链的需求、供给和制造方面的不确定性因素的来源分析,得到了供应链不确定问题产生的主要来源,在此基础上给出供应链不确定性因素的预防策略。     

紧急成本法在供应链合作伙伴选择中的应用

首先对供应链合作关系进行了博弈分析,给出了供应链合作伙伴选择的评价流程;然后分析了成本作为供应链伙伴选择评价指标之一的合理性,并提出了应用紧急成本法来选择供应链合作伙伴的决策模型,根据函数模型分析了供应链合作伙伴选择的启发式算法,并进行了实证研究验证其可行性。     

基于供应链的企业逆向物流管理

在论述供应链中逆向物流的内涵及其战略价值的基础上,针对我国企业在进行逆向物流运作过程中存在着供应链风险、经济利益与环境效益的矛盾、正向物流与逆向物流相冲突等问题,提出了加强企业逆向物流管理的对策。