Globalization,values education,and school music education in China

This paper examines music education’s legitimation of values as a means of preparing students for entry into the new ‘knowledge society’ of the People’s Republic of China in a global age. It explores the ways in which values education relates to the teaching of both musical and non‐musical meanings in the dual context of nationalism and globalization, and discusses some problems that values education faces in school music classrooms. It examines the ways in which globalization has pressured values education into resolving the apparent contradiction between national identity and national unity in the ever‐changing play of Chinese history and politics. It concludes with a discussion of how music education might juggle three pairs of apparently contradictory relationships in the curriculum: between contemporary cultural and social values on the one hand, and traditional Chinese and Communist ideologies on the other; between collectivism and individualism; and between national and global cultures.     

Early childhood arts curriculum: a cross-cultural study

Many countries, including Australia, China, the United States, the United Kingdom and New Zealand, have included art subjects in their core curriculum. Using the theory of governmentality as a critical lens to investigate the intricate power–knowledge system in relation to curriculum, arts and pedagogy, this paper makes a comparative document analysis of two contemporary arts curricula for children aged 5–6 years—the Beijing Kindergarten Happiness and Development Curriculum in the arts learning area (upper class in kindergarten), and the Australian Curriculum: The Arts (Foundation level). Curriculum is best understood as a multi-faceted phenomenon and this paper draws from research which categorized curriculum into three phases: the intended (or planned) curriculum, the enacted (or implemented) curriculum and the experienced (the learner experience) curriculum. By focusing on the first phase: the intended curriculum, this paper compares the documents that comprise the planned curriculum from two very different contexts, and thus makes a contribution to cross-cultural understanding of early childhood arts curriculum in ways that may lead to social change.     

Challenging the premises of international policy reviews: an introduction to the review symposium

In 2009, a think tank called the International Alliance of Leading Education Institutes (IALEI) announced the results of a study entitled Climate Change and Sustainable Development: The Response from Education. Intended for a policy audience, the study offered a glimpse into the status of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and an early look at the emergence of Climate Change Education (CCE), in 10 different nations. As with most international reports, the IALEI report provoked many questions, some of which are more broadly relevant to scholarship and practice. This paper introduces a review symposium that addresses three such questions: (1) How coherent is the concept of ESD across national contexts and what conceptual tensions continue to surround ESD and CCE? (2) Can nation-level analyses tell us anything useful about countries where education is not centrally governed? and (3) In light of the evolving relationship between educational research and policy, how should researchers engage with ongoing policy debates?     

The Comparative Effects of Prediction/Discussion‐Based Learning Cycle,Conceptual Change Text,and Traditional Instructions on Student Understanding of Genetics

The present study examined the comparative effects of a prediction/discussion‐based learning cycle, conceptual change text (CCT), and traditional instructions on students' understanding of genetics concepts. A quasi‐experimental research design of the pre‐test–post‐test non‐equivalent control group was adopted. The three intact classes, taught by the same science teacher, were randomly assigned as prediction/discussion‐based learning cycle class (N = 30), CCT class (N = 25), and traditional class (N = 26). Participants completed the genetics concept test as pre‐test, post‐test, and delayed post‐test to examine the effects of instructional strategies on their genetics understanding and retention. While the dependent variable of this study was students' understanding of genetics, the independent variables were time (Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3) and mode of instruction. The mixed between‐within subjects analysis of variance revealed that students in both prediction/discussion‐based learning cycle and CCT groups understood the genetics concepts and retained their knowledge significantly better than students in the traditional instruction group.     

Conceptual change with refutational maps

ABSTRACT

This study investigated how studying a refutational map, a type of argument map, affected conceptual change. Refutational maps visually display both correct and alternative conceptions. Participants (N?=?120) were randomly assigned to (1) a refutational map condition, (2) a refutational text condition, and (3) a non-refutational text condition. The post-test results showed that studying the refutational map led to better performance on free recall and learning transfer measures. Specifically, participants who studied the refutational map performed significantly better than others on a free recall test, and they significantly outperformed the non-refutational text group on a short-answer transfer test. The multiple-choice test, another transfer measure, failed to detect any differences among the three groups. The research also found that individual differences in need for cognition and logical thinking ability interacted with the type of study materials. Participants scoring lower on logical thinking ability gained more from studying the refutational map.     

组织行为学视阈下高校马克思主义大众化实现路径研究——动机激励与态度改变

为了保证马克思主义大众化在高校的顺利推进,除了教师、党团组织等推进主体的努力之外,还必须有接受者即大学生的内在配合。内外因素的共同作用,才能确实、有效地完成这一历史性任务。通过设置目标、满足需求等方式可以激发大学生学习马克思主义理论的动机,通过优化信息传递方式等途径可以改变大学生对待马克思主义理论的态度。充分运用组织行为学的激励理论,将有利于促进马克思主义大众化在高校的有效进行。     

西双版纳土地利用/土地覆被变化时空格局分析简

西双版纳土地利用/土地覆被变化对于区域土地资源合理利用和生态环境保护以及边境安全保障具有重要意义。基于Landsat TM/ETM 遥感数据,采用决策树分类方法,获得西双版纳1990年、2000年和2010年3期的土地利用/土地覆被分类数据;从结构变化、类型变化、空间变化3个角度,系统分析1990-2010年间西双版纳的土地利用/土地覆被时空变化规律,并对轮歇地、茶园和橡胶园3个典型地类进行了重点讨论。研究表明：①西双版纳土地利用/土地覆被呈现以“林地-园地-耕地”为主导的地域结构特征,有林地是最为重要的土地覆被类型,橡胶园是最为主要的土地利用类型;②1990-2010年间,土地利用/土地覆被变化速度呈加快趋势,土地利用强度呈增加趋势,近10年来则更为显著;③1990-2010年间,土地利用/土地覆被变化的主要特征是有林地不断减少,橡胶园、旱地和茶园不断增加;有林地为面积减少最多的地类,橡胶园为面积增加最多的地类,轮歇地为增速最快的地类,灌木林地为减速最快的地类;④1990-2010年间,土地利用/土地覆被类型发生转化的地类主要是轮歇地、灌木林地和有林地,主要的转化方向是轮歇地向有林地和灌木林地转化,橡胶园和茶园的主要来源是有林地和灌木林;⑤1990-2010年间,土地利用/土地覆被空间变化较显著的地类是有林地、灌木林地、橡胶园、茶园和轮歇地;有林地呈以减少为主要特征的“南退北进”的空间变化特征,灌木林地呈先增加后减少为主要特征的“西退东进、南退北进”的空间变化特征,橡胶园呈以增加为主要特征的“以景洪市区为中心,北上南进,西拓东扩”的空间变化特征。     

Is small actually big? The chaos of technological change

In this paper, we develop themes from complexity and chaos theory that help to explain the technological change process. We apply two quantifiers, correlation dimensions and Lyapunov exponents, to examine the signs and degrees of chaotic technological dynamics. To illustrate our ideas, we study the development of electronic displays from 1976 to 2010, using patent data. The results of the chaos model are matched against the profiles of patent citations. Our analysis contributes to the development of a chaotic model of technological change.     

Patenting and US academic research in the 20th century: The world before and after Bayh-Dole

The dramatic growth of patenting and licensing of publicly funded research by American research universities in the closing quarter of the 20th century has stimulated some of the highest-profile debates in science and technology policy today. The issue of what aspects of academic research should be public - and what private - lies at the heart of each of these debates. The movement of academic scientists into commercialisation of discoveries and inventions has been extolled by some as a new model of academic research, one which facilitates economic and social returns from universities. At the same time, this trend has been criticised by others as representing a socially inefficient ‘privatisation’ of academic research and as a threat to the ethos of science itself. This paper places these debates in historical context, with a review of changes in American universities’ patenting policies, procedures and practices throughout the 20th century, an assessment of the logic underlying the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, and an overview of its effects on economic returns from university research.     

基于元胞自动机的莫莫格湿地土地覆被预测模拟

本文运用元胞自动机结合人工神经网络方法,利用1986年和2004年两时期的ETM遥感影像,对莫莫格国家级湿地自然保护区的土地覆被变化进行了动态的模拟和预测,探讨了元胞自动机模型在湿地土地覆被变化预测和湿地资源保护方面的重要作用,为湿地资源的动态监测与可持续发展提供参考和决策支持。在模型实现过程中,以正六边形元胞取代传统的四边形元胞,克服了传统四边形元胞各向异性的先天不足,减小了模型预测的误差。应用BP神经网络与元胞自动机相结合自动挖掘出元胞自动机模型的转换规则,不仅降低建立多种土地覆被类型预测模拟的难度,而且减少了人为的主观因素,提高了准确性。将模型应用到莫莫格湿地保护区,预测的结果与实际土地覆被类型比较得出预测精度达到约80%,通过对该地区未来34年土地覆被变化的预测,反映出了该地区耕地面积增大、湿地减少的生态环境变坏的趋势,为该保护区的管理和发展提供了参考。