我国货币政策效果的一般均衡分析

在对银行信贷、企业投资借贷和居民消费等行为进行建模的基础上,就我国货币政策的效果进行一般均衡分析后发现,银行垄断的市场结构不利于信贷供给增加;预期通货膨胀(紧缩)也不利于信贷供给和信贷需求的收缩(扩张);由于降息的收入效应大于替代效应,跨期消费选择引起内需不足,消费下降.因此,要强化货币政策传导效果,必须完善金融体系,消除通货膨胀或紧缩环境.     

微型化学实验测定化学反应速度常数

用微型化学实验和常规化学实验测定化学反应速率常数,在误差允许范围内比较微型化学实验的优越性.     

Molecular design revitalizes the low-cost PTV-polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells

Developing photovoltaic materials with simple chemical structures and easy synthesis still remains a major challenge in the industrialization process of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an ester substituted poly(thiophene vinylene) derivative, PTVT-T, was designed and synthesized in very few steps by adopting commercially available raw materials. The ester groups on the thiophene units enable PTVT-T to have a planar and stable conformation. Moreover, PTVT-T presents a wide absorption band and strong aggregation effect in solution, which are the key characteristics needed to realize high performance in non-fullerene-acceptor (NFA)-based OSCs. We then prepared OSCs by blending PTVT-T with three representative fullerene- and NF-based acceptors, PC₇₁BM, IT-4F and BTP-eC9. It was found that PTVT-T can work well with all the acceptors, showing great potential to match new emerging NFAs. Particularly, a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 16.20% is achieved in a PTVT-T:BTP-eC9-based device, which is the highest value among the counterparts based on PTV derivatives. This work demonstrates that PTVT-T shows great potential for the future commercialization of OSCs.     

中国足球超级联赛U23新政何以有效?——基于“足协-俱乐部”的博弈

中超联赛自2017赛季推出U23新政以来备受争议。在"上有政策下有对策"的非合作博弈下,U23新政如何才能实现政策初衷?该文首次采用不完全信息静态博弈模型分析了U23新政下足协与俱乐部的博弈均衡。研究表明：（1）足协推行新政的最优概率为俱乐部采取积极策略给足协带来的净收益与消极策略带来的净收益之比,实质上取决于俱乐部的遵从度。（2）在缺乏讨价还价权时,俱乐部对新政采取消极应对策略是为了减少净损失。俱乐部积极应对的最优概率为消极应对的净损失占其与积极应对的加成即期收益损失之和的比值,实为两害相权取其轻。为激励俱乐部采取积极策略,应降低俱乐部消极应对策略的净收益或积极应对策略的加成即期收益。（3）提高U23新政有效性的治标之策是减少U23政策对中下游球队的冲击,实行有差别的U23政策;对U23球员上场时间低于均值的俱乐部,实行等额或超额递减分成机制。治本之策是培育一个可预期、可持续、可盈利的足球市场,俱乐部能够内生出建立百年基业的长效机制;继续深化足协的去行政化改革,使之向完全社团法人转型。     

中国耕地总量动态平衡的数量和质量分析

耕地作为土地的精华对我国农业和国民经济发展起着不可替代的基础性作用，为解决中国日益短缺的耕地资源和粮食安全问题，自1997年以来，我国实行了耕地总量动态平衡的土地管理政策，但耕地资源转化为非农建设用地的猛烈趋势仍缺乏有效的调控。基于耕地总量动态平衡的新视角和中国耕地资源变化态势和构成分析，提出了反映耕地总体产出能力的标准系数以及相对应的标准耕地面积，并进一步分析了我国耕地统计面积和标准面积的时空差异状况，从数量和质量两个方面重新考察了我国耕地总量动态平衡状况，并据此提出了实现中国耕地总量动态平衡的对策措施。     

重金属铅的生态效应及其地球化学循环

随着工业化的快速发展,大量工业废弃物的无达标排放到环境中,造成了环境污染.其中重金属污染更是引起了人们的高度重视,很多学者对重金属的生态效应及地球化学循环进行了比较深入、系统的研究.本文仅以重金属铅为例,就近年来国内外学者对其的生态学效应、地化循环研究进行了综述,为以后进一步探讨铅污染问题提供有益的借鉴.     

灯盏花的研究进展

综述了近几十年来有关灯盏花的化学成分、药理作用、配伍及化学成分的构效关系研究工作．     

中药党参的研究概况

党参为我国传统名贵中药材,主要含有萜类、糖和糖苷类、甾体类、黄酮类、挥发油、生物碱等成分,并具有抗衰老、抗氧化、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤、增强免疫力等功能,综述了党参的研究近况,主要包括其本草考证、化学组成和药理作用三个方面,以为进一步开发利用党参资源提供科学依据。     

采煤塌陷对中国西部风沙区土壤质量的影响机制及修复措施

中国西部风沙区生态环境脆弱,煤炭井工开采造成土体坍塌,产生地表裂缝,导致地下水位下降、土壤含水量减少、土壤养分流失、土壤酶活性降低、微生物数量和群落结构发生变化、土壤沙化、植被死亡以及生物多样性破坏等生态环境问题。主要剖析近年来煤炭地下开采对西部风沙区土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物和植被生长等方面的影响机制,提出塌陷区土壤环境破坏的修复措施。指出今后的研究应集中于采煤塌陷区土壤质量的恢复和土壤微生物多样性的演替规律方面,为中国西部风沙区采煤塌陷地的生态修复提供理论基础和技术支持。     

The dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point (DCRe): introducing relative and absolute reliability scores

Analytical methods to assess thigh muscle balance need to provide reliable data to allow meaningful interpretation. However, reproducibility of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare relative and absolute reliability indices of its angle and moment values with conventional and functional hamstring–quadriceps ratios. Furthermore, effects of familiarisation and angular velocity on reproducibility were analysed. A number of 33 male volunteers participated in 3 identical test sessions. Peak moments (PMs) were determined unilaterally during maximum concentric and eccentric knee flexion (prone) and extension (supine position) at 0.53, 1.57 and 2.62 rad · s^–1. A repeated measure, ANOVA, confirmed systematic bias. Intra-class correlation coefficients and standard errors of measurement indicated relative and absolute reliability. Correlation coefficients were averaged over respective factors and tested for significant differences. All balance scores showed comparable low-to-moderate relative (<0.8–0.9) and good absolute reliability (<10%). Relative reproducibility of dynamic control equilibrium parameters augmented with increasing angular velocity, but not with familiarisation. At 2.62 rad · s^–1, high (moment: 0.906) to moderate (angle: 0.833) relative reliability scores with accordingly high absolute indices (4.9% and 6.4%) became apparent. Thus, the dynamic control equilibrium is an equivalent method for the reliable assessment of thigh muscle balance.