Drawing and the Aestheticisation of the Human Figure by Four‐ to Ten‐Year‐Old Botswana Children: Implications for Pedagogy

Drawing is one of children's modes of communication which has recently excited academic inquiry in non‐Western cultures. It is the means through which children express their fears, desires, anxieties and conception of phenomena. This study investigated drawings by four‐ to ten‐year‐old Botswana children in response to the human figure as an aesthetic object. The methodology involved observing a sample of forty purposively selected children engaged in the drawing process and analysing their visual productions in addition to conversational talk about their art. The study found that the human figure was the dominant aesthetic subject across ages represented in both conventionalised form and personalised imagery. Older children showed interest in culture specific imagery and demonstrated mastery of occlusion and depth cues, while four‐year‐old children had limited spatial awareness. The study also found that children demonstrated gradual improvement of drawing skills with age. There was no significant difference in drawing competence between sexes. Pedagogical implications are suggested to scaffold children through the stages of art development.     

A Review of Practical Reasoning in Child and Youth Research

The purpose of the review is to investigate various relations between the concepts of competence and participation found within child and youth research with the aim of identifying differences in practical reasoning of the various kinds of child research. The search identified 260 articles, and an in-depth analysis of 39 articles was conducted, elaborating the conceptual differences inherent in the different child research fields. Based on a philosophy of practice, the analysis identified 3 different causal connections between the concepts of competence and participation, indicating 3 different ways of understanding means and ends in child research. The review thereby offers an understanding of how and why interdisciplinary problems sometimes occur in education and child care.     

高校独生子女大学生体育生活方式特征与体质健康状况研究

通过对高校独生子女大学生的体育生活方式与其体质健康状况的相关关系进行分析,得出建立良好的体育生活方式对独生子女大学生的体质健康有促进作用,同时对提高运动能力,加强身体素质,增强身体机能和促进身体的全面健康有着直接影响。     

南京市业余体校少年儿童短跑运动员运动损伤的调查与分析

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法等方法对南京市业余体校110名少年儿童短跑运动员运动损伤的调查与分析。结果显示：在少儿短跑运动中最易出现损伤的部位为踝、大腿、膝、小腿,损伤类型以关节损伤、肌肉和韧带拉伤、肌肉劳损居多,而这些损伤大多由于准备活动不充分、训练安排不合理、疲劳、技术动作不规范和某方面身体素质差引起的。建议：加强预防的同时强调训练的科学化,正确及时处理损伤并合理安排计划。     

试论儿童篮球早期训练的特征

文献资料法,并结合教学实践,对儿童篮球教学训练特点提出：儿童篮球训练要根据儿童的身心特点,采用符合儿童特点的篮球训练形式,注重培养儿童篮球训练的兴趣,在全面发展的基础进行系统的早期训练。儿童篮球早期训练特征的研究,对于儿童篮球早期训练的健康实施具有一定的参考价值。     

浅谈乒乓球运动员选材方法

纵观中国的体育之林唯独乒乓球事业经久不衰,如果我们想在世界上维持好我们的霸主地位,就必须要不断的提高训练技术和策略并且在业余时间训练优秀的少儿运动员为职业比赛做准备。从少儿的年龄、神经类型、心理、专项素质、身体素质几个方面进行探讨,旨在探索对少儿乒乓球运动员选材的科学性、实用性,以提高运动员成材率。本论文主要讨论的对少儿运动员的选材方法和手段。     

基本运动能力训练对弱智儿童心理健康影响的研究

本文旨在应用国际采用“心理健康诊断测验（MHTCR）”,评价基本运动能力训练对心理健康的影响。由44名弱智儿童测试结果显示：参加基本运动能力训练16周的实验组弱智儿童,在心理健康得分均高于对照组,差异具有高度显著性。由此,结果说明：基本运动能力训练对弱智儿童的心理适应性和意志品质有促进作用,可辅助弱智儿童身心健康发展。     

论家庭环境对培养少儿体育意识的重要性

本文运用哲学、生理学、心理学等学科为指导,对家庭环境培养少儿体育意识的重要性进行了研究。阐述了少儿时期是体育意识形成的最佳时期,是体育意识形成的＂敏感期＂,是强身健体,开发少儿智力的有效途径,以及家庭环境在少儿成长的过程中所起的重要作用。     

我国省市级公共图书馆未成年人服务调查与分析

选取我国所有省级及省会城市图书馆56所,对其未成年人服务的现状进行网络调查。在调查的基础上,分析目前我国公共图书馆未成年人服务存在的问题,并对完善我国公共图书馆未成年人服务提出建议。     

New Directions in Reference,edited by Byron Anderson and Paul T. Webb

Abstract

This paper addresses some to the problems associated with the ability of elementary school children to successfully retrieve material in the school library media center using either the card or computer catalogues and presents some alternative methods of classification which may help to alleviate these problems. Primary objectives of the paper include inquiry into the need for an alternative method of classification for children, whether children of elementary school age have the ability to successfully use a system of classification, the extent to which the use of colors and/or symbols as search aides may facilitate children/s search efforts and the steps involved in the evolution of such an alternative classification system. Several case studies are examined and a detailed case study of The Common School Library in Amherst, Massachusetts is presented. Findings of this study indicate that children do have the ability to use a classification system which is designed in keeping with their developmental level and that the use of colors and/or symbols as supplementary search tools does facilitate children/s search efforts. The author also presents recommendations regarding the use of alternative systems of classification with other segments of the population who may have difficulty using standard means of library classification.