运动与儿童青少年骨健康

采用文献资料法讨论了不同运动项目、不同运动强度和时间及运动频次对儿童青少年骨密度的影响;提出了儿童青少年时期进行适宜的体育运动能增加骨密度,提高峰值骨量;青春期前期是增加机体骨密度的最佳时期,充分利用这一时期进行适宜的体育运动对人体骨健康将产生深远有利的影响.     

性侵害受害儿童的评估研究进展

文章从司法评估与临床评估两个方面对性侵害受害儿童的评估研究进展情况进行了归纳和总结,在此基础上进一步指出以往研究中存在的一些不足。最后,作者对该领域的研究趋向做出了展望。     

后现代主义师幼观视野下幼儿自我评价的再定位

幼儿自我评价是幼儿形成健康人格的重要基础,对幼儿进行正确的自我评价能力的培养,更是幼儿园工作的重要部分,但是传统幼儿教育评价却忽视了幼儿自我评价能力的培养,有悖于幼儿发展目标的实现和健康人格的养成。本文在后现代主义师幼观视野下,剖析了幼儿自我评价的传统误区并对其做了重新定位,旨在促进幼儿自我评价能力的健康发展．     

刍议独生子女早期体育教育

随着科学技术的飞跃发展,生产力水平的日益提高,人们的生活水平不断改进,越来越多的独生子女家庭教育问题成了整个家庭的主要问题。然而在教育思想上许多家庭并没有跟上时代的发展步伐,尤其是在独生子女家庭里,一些旧的教育思想依然存在,并且表现得尤为突出,对孩子的过分溺爱成了许多独生子女家庭必然存在的问题。一些社会因素、家庭因素以及现实原因让独生子女早期的体育教育几乎为零,而独生子女身上出现的问题却非常让人担忧,如：肥胖、近视、自私、不易与人交往、不善于动手、动脑等。大部分孩子活在父母及至祖辈们的呵护下,失去孩子应有的空间,因此,不管是作为父母还是体育教育工作者们都要清楚地认识到培养独生子女参加体育运动的良好习惯,不仅是其身体心理成长的需求,还对规范独生子女的行为以及培养独生子女的意志品质具有重要意义。家长应转变教育观念并以身作则带领独生子女参加户外体育锻炼,在生活中培养独生子女的体育特长及爱好,并和独生子女一起养成良好的锻炼习惯。体育教师更应转变教育思想,不仅教学生锻炼身体更应教他们怎样科学、有趣地参加体育锻炼,乃至让学生积极主动参与体育运动,树立终身体育意识。     

“单独二孩”政策对城市80后生育观的影响研究--以杭州市为例

生育政策是影响人们生育观念、优化人口结构的重要手段,对于实现人口的稳定、合理增长有着重要的意义。本研究应用问卷调查法和个案访谈法对杭州市“单独二孩”政策实施后80后的生育观变化进行了分析。研究发现：80后的生育意愿增强,对孩子性别偏好不明显,生育二孩的间隔大约为3—4年。基于此,杭州市政府应通过提供优质的生育服务;加大基础教育资源的供给;根据不同年龄段及生育间隔,及时做好应对生育高峰的准备;加强对“单独二孩”政策实施的监测力度;完善计划生育家庭的扶助制度以及提高对人口老龄化的认识等措施来正确应对人口问题。     

幼儿抗挫折能力影响因素及其培养策略研究

培养幼儿的抗挫折能力已成为一种迫切的社会需求,也是心理素质教育的一个重要课题。本文旨在探讨幼儿抗挫折能力的发展特点和影响因素,并尝试进行教育策略方面的探讨,为幼儿挫折教育的实践提供教育心理学依据。     

Exploring the social connections in preschool settings between children labelled with special educational needs and their peers

This paper reports on a small-scale study of the social interactions between six children labelled with special educational needs and their peers in their respective early years settings. Data from play observations, photographs and staff interviews is used to examine the dynamics of the connections that they make with other children. The position of these six children as active agents in making decisions about their peer interactions is highlighted and the ways that this agency is expressed is analysed. By focusing on the personal strategies that the children use to make social connections the findings contribute to the developing understanding of children's relationships within inclusive early years settings. In particular compatible play interests and personalities are identified as significant factors that attract children to one another in this case study. It also emerged that recurrent playmates did not feature consistently in the social exchanges involving this group of children. This factor is considered in the context of it being indicative of the social connections that children labelled with special educational needs pursue. Suggestions for further investigation are proposed and key practice messages offered around developing awareness and facilitation of social connections between children.     

Neoliberalism,global poverty policy and early childhood education and care: a critique of local uptake in England

The global rise of a neoliberal ‘new politics of parenting’ discursively constructs parents in poverty as the reason for, and remedy to, child poverty. This allows for Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) to become a key policy lever by using human technologies to intervene in and regulate the lives of parents and children in poverty. The article explores the uptake of this policy locally through interviews with 30 ECEC practitioners in three locations across England. The interviews suggested that the neoliberal discursive formation of child poverty as a problem of the poor themselves had symbolic power and was a view shared by most of the interviewees. This appeared to restrict their thinking and action, shaping a limited engagement with parents in poverty. Delivering curricular requirements was seen to further delimit practitioners’ practices with children in poverty by reducing their poverty sensitivity. Although this is a small study, its findings may be of value in questioning neoliberal logics, and their implications are considered critically.     

What do families of the ‘professional and managerial’ class educate their children for? The links between happiness and autonomy

Based on a qualitative study involving 124 professional and managerial class families in Catalonia (Spain), this paper describes the aims and objectives these families have for the education of their children. During the fieldwork, when asked what they were aiming for in the education of their children, almost all of the parents replied ‘for them to be happy’. But what kind of happiness are they talking about? What kind of education might lead to happiness? Drawing principally on the work of Kellerhals and Montandon and their ‘contractual model of education’ and Bauman’s concepts of ‘secondary security’ and ‘homo eligens’, although also taking into account the related contributions of Lareau, Vincent and Ball, Stefansen and Aarseth, and Kusserow, the paper aims to demonstrate the strong connection these families make between happiness and ‘absolute’ autonomy, understood as two sides of the same coin and seen, by the participants, as the guiding principle that should shape the way they bring their children up.     

Child maltreatment among boy and girl probationers: Does type of maltreatment make a difference in offending behavior and psychosocial problems?

This study examined differences in offending behavior and psychosocial problems between juvenile offenders who have been sexually abused (n = 231), physically abused (n = 1,568), neglected (n = 1,555), exposed to multiple forms of maltreatment (n = 1,767), and non-victims (n = 8,492). In addition, the moderating effect of gender in the association between type of maltreatment and offending behavior/psychosocial problems was examined. Results showed that violent offenses were more common in victims of physical abuse and victims of multiple forms of abuse than in non-victims, both in boys and girls. In boys, sexual offenses were far more common in victims of sexual abuse than in victims of other or multiple forms of maltreatment or in non-victims. In girls, no group differences were found in sexual offending behavior. For both boys and girls, externalizing problems were relatively common in victims of physical abuse and neglect whereas internalizing problems were relatively common in victims of sexual abuse. In victims of multiple forms of maltreatment, both internalizing and externalizing problems were relatively common. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.