关于创建“青少儿康体俱乐部”的几点思考

本文阐明了创建“青少儿康体俱乐部”的必要性、可行性,并对“青少儿康体俱乐部”模式进行构想。“青少儿康体俱乐部”是“全民健身计划”按产业化方式推进的有益尝试。     

城市流动儿童的被忽视与学校适应的关系

采取问卷调查法,对803名城市流动儿童和837名城市儿童的被忽视和学校适应进行了调查,结果发现：城市流动儿童的安全忽视、躯体忽视显著地高于城市儿童,总体更易被忽视;除交流忽视外,男生被忽视及其维度均大于女生,情感忽视存在明显的学校性质差异,被忽视及其各维度存在父母文化差异;城市流动儿童的被忽视与学校适应及各维度间都存在较为显著的负相关,情感忽视、安全忽视和躯体忽视对学校适应有非常显著的负向预测作用。     

幼儿文学作品有效性阅读策略——儿歌作品鉴赏方法

儿歌是篇幅最短小、内容最浅显的幼儿文学的一种体裁。它是以口语化的韵语来叙事表情的一种短歌,也是人生最早接受的文学样式,也是幼儿最易接受的一种文学样式。有效阅读儿歌作品,就是结合儿歌体裁的基本艺术特征,通过作品分析,看儿歌是否具备优美和谐的韵律、形象化的语言、无处不在的游戏精神、生动活泼的独特形式、丰富奇妙的想象和幼儿生活情趣等。     

Emotion recognition in fathers and mothers at high-risk for child physical abuse

Objective

The present study was designed to determine whether parents at high risk for physical child abuse, in comparison with parents at low risk, show deficits in emotion recognition, as well as to examine the moderator effect of gender and stress on the relationship between risk for physical child abuse and emotion recognition.

Methods

Based on their scores on the Abuse Scale of the CAP Inventory (Milner, 1986), 64 parents at high risk (24 fathers and 40 mothers) and 80 parents at low risk (40 fathers and 40 mothers) for physical child abuse were selected. The Subtle Expression Training Tool/Micro Expression Training Tool ( [Ekman, 2004a] and [Ekman, 2004b]) and the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy II (Nowicki & Carton, 1993) were used to assess emotion recognition.

Results

As expected, parents at high risk, in contrast to parents at low risk, showed deficits in emotion recognition. However, differences between high- and low-risk participants were observed only for fathers, but not for mothers. Whereas fathers at high risk for physical child abuse made more errors than mothers at high risk, no differences between mothers at low risk and fathers at low risk were found. No interaction between stress, gender, and risk status was observed for errors in emotion recognition.

Conclusions and practice implications

The present findings, if confirmed with physical abusers, could be helpful to further our understanding of deficits in processing information of physically abusive parents and to develop treatment strategies specifically focused on emotion recognition. Moreover, if gender differences can be confirmed, the findings could be helpful to develop specific treatment programs for abusive fathers.     

瓯江鲫鱼头部形态特征的两性异形

测定了鲫鱼成体的体长、头长、头宽、头高、吻长、眼后头长、眼径和眼间距.Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA显示雌性个体的体长显著大于雄性个体.头部形态特征变量分别与体长的回归关系显著,回归剩余值的单因素ANOVA显示,特定体长的雌性个体的头长、头宽和眼间距显著大于雄性个体,雌性个体的眼径显著小于雄性个体,其他的头部形态特征变量包括头高、吻长和眼后头长无显著的两性差异.对头部7个形态特征变量作主成分分析(Eigenvalue≥1)发现,前3个主成分共解释67.1 %的变异.头长和吻长在第一主成分有较高的正负载系数(解释26.7%变异),头宽和眼间距在第二主成分有较高的正负载系数(解释23.1 %变异),眼径在第三主成分有较高的正负载系数(解释17.3 %变异).两性成体第一主成分的分值差异不显著;第二主成分的分值雌性显著大于雄性;第三主成分的分值雌性显著小于雄性.     

‘You shouldn’t be making people feel bad about having sex’: exploring young adults’ perceptions of a sex-positive sexual health text message intervention

Young adults are disproportionately affected by negative sexual health outcomes, such as sexually transmitted infections. One strategy for reducing such negative outcomes involves the use of comprehensive sexual health education. As comprehensive sexual health education programmes are adopted, there is a need to evaluate the messaging approaches that might best connect with young people. Sex-positive approaches, which describe sex as a healthy practice and personal choice, are becoming popular, but whether this strategy works has not been tested from a message design perspective. This study examines the reactions of young adults to sex-positive or sex-negative messages, framed as a gain or loss, designed for a text message-based intervention. Participants quantitatively evaluated 24 messages on their mobile phones. Gain frames were preferred over loss frames, and sex-positive messages were rated as more believable and persuasive. An interaction between the two concepts was also found. Results highlight how sex-positive messages that focus on the benefits of certain behaviours tend to resonate better with young adults. Implications for health educators and practitioners are discussed.     

绘画活动中幼儿创造性的培养

幼儿园的绘画教育既有它自身的任务，又承载着其他素质教育促进幼儿全面和谐发展的任务。只要为幼儿创造良好的绘画条件，正确处理绘画表现和绘画技巧的关系，采取有效的形式，就能最大限度的完成绘画的双重任务，又能很好地培养幼儿的创造性。     

论上网对大学生恋爱观的负面影响及其对策

随着开放网络的普及、高考报考条件的放宽和高校允许在校大学生结婚的尝试．当代大学生的恋爱观受到种种强烈冲击。本客观的分析了网络、上网对大学生恋爱观的负面影响。并从弗洛尹德的性本原观点、人格结构理论等方面提出了自己的几点应对之策。     

独生子女的行为和性格特点与体育后备人才的关系

独生子女与体育后备人才的关系是独生子女与体育关系研究中的一个最基本的方面。以分析独生子女的行为和性格特点为研究的切入点,从3个方面探讨了独生子女与体育后备人才的关系,对科学地选拔优秀的体育后备人才具有重要的现实意义。     

Assessing the interrelatedness of multiple types of adverse childhood experiences and odds for poor health in South Carolina adults

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to negative health outcomes in adulthood, but little research has been done on the effect of ACEs on the health and well-being of adults in South Carolina (SC). This study analyzed a sample of 9744 respondents who participated in the 2014 South Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to examine the relationship among childhood experiences of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, as well as witnessing household violence, on mental and physical health outcomes in adulthood among SC residents. Twenty-two percent of survey respondents reported poor general health (22.1%), and a smaller proportion reported high frequent mental distress in the past month (13.1%). Each category of childhood experiences was associated with an increase in the risk of poor general health. Individuals reporting three or more types of experiences were more likely to report poor health (aOR 2.89; 95% CI 2.86–2.92) than adults without such experiences. Respondents reporting three or more types of childhood adverse experiences were more likely to report frequent mental distress (aOR 3.29; 95% CI 3.26–3.33) compared to adults who did not report three or more types of adversity. Findings from the SC BRFSS highlight a connection between ACEs and negative health outcomes later in life. Given that results of this study also demonstrated that increased exposure to ACEs was associated with greater odds of negative health in adulthood, preventing adverse events such as experiencing abuse or witnessing domestic violence in childhood will have significant effects on later adult health.