Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education

Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However, the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior, juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment. Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance. Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

生理节律与体育类高考成绩的相关性的研究

通过剖析45名2002年体育高考学生的术科和化高考取得优异成绩时的生理节律，发现生理节律与高考成绩关系密切．学生处在高潮期时易于考出好成绩．体育术科高考成绩主要与体力钟、情绪钟密切相关；化课高考成绩主要与智力钟、情绪钟密切相关．     

Revisioning professionalism from the periphery

Abstract

The issue of who should be included and recognised as professionals in the early childhood education and care (ECEC) service system is both contested and pressing in the current policy climate. At stake is a high-quality early childhood care and education service system that is both responsive and appropriate to the constituency it serves. A review of the history of ECEC professionalism reveals complex entanglements and debates regarding professional belonging. Services that deliver education and care to children and families living in high poverty contexts are often excluded from ECEC professionalism debates. Drawing on notions of rationality, emotionality and criticality presented in recent accounts of ECEC professionalism, we use data collected from interviews with service providers delivering services to children and families living in high poverty contexts in Australia to develop an account of criticality that is pertinent to current funding and policy contexts. We argue that these service providers’ perspectives about their own professionalism have much to offer broader debates.     

浅谈新时期高校思想政治教育的几个结合

与社会主义市场经济的建设发展相适应,高校思想政治教育既要填充更新内容,又要改进变换方法,只有从时代要求和学生实际出发,融灵活多样的方式于高校思想政治教育之中,才能使其功能和作用有效发挥。     

贾谊《诗》学寻踪

根据新近出土文献,分析了贾谊引用《诗经》与四家诗的异同,注意到贾谊说《诗》以“雅”,“颂”为主的事实,说明贾谊的《诗》学继承了春秋官学中“以诗为教”的传统。     

试论孙犁小说创作中的童年情结

孙犁的小说与“保定作家群”乃至其他当代作家的作品相比,呈现了不同的美学特征,而孙犁的小说创作在前后期也体现出迥异的风格变形,这是作家小说美学机制调整和转型的结果,作为美学机制的一个要素的“童年情结”,对孙犁前后期小说风格的形成和变化起到了一定作用。     

Play in the Preschool Classroom: Its Socioemotional Significance and the Teacher’s Role in Play

The goals of this paper were two-fold. The first goal was to examine the emotional and social developmental value of play in the early childhood classroom. This issue is important because of the recent impetus for a more academic focus in early childhood classrooms, and questions about the developmental benefits of play. The second goal was to examine and discuss the role teachers could play in making play a developmental and educational experience. This is because understanding the significance of play could make teachers less apprehensive about using play to promote learning and development, and enable them answer questions regarding the value of play. Using these goals as a backdrop, this paper discussed views of children’s play; the defining characteristics of emotional and social development; play and the socioemotional development of children; and the role of early childhood teachers in children’s play.     

Early Education in Ethiopia: Progress and Prospects

Explored herein are historical roots of preschool through elementary grade education in the East Africa nation of Ethiopia. Also included are current difficult challenges to educational improvement as well as promising developments such as greater involvement of private institutions, organizations, and individuals in supporting Ministry of Education reform initiatives.     

长沙地区第四纪地质若干问题探讨

本文对长沙地区第四纪地层、沉积环境及新构造运动等方面进行探讨,指出:1)下更新统与中更新统的分界线应放在白沙井组与新开铺组之间较为合理;2)更新世以来,本区环境为河湖演替的发展过程,“白沙井”组为中更新世早期河流沉积;3)由于中新生代以来地幔上拱引起洞庭坳陷沉降,致使区内出现南升北降的掀斜变形;4)继承性构造活动和新生的构造,集中表现在湘江两岸的阶地变形及 NNE、NE、EW 向三组断裂,这些新构造均发现在晚更新世以前地层中,说明该区近期属地壳运动较稳定的时期。但晚更新世以后的构造形迹需进一步查明,而一些重大工程仍需进行系统工程地质及地震地质方面的调查与研究。     

家庭教育与健全个性的早期培养

个性培养对于人成功地适应社会相当重要,儿童早期正是个性形成的重要时期。综述了个性的组成部分以及对人的重要性,应结合家庭教育在儿童个性形成的重要作用,旨在为进一步提倡素质教育,为培养创造型人才提供理论依据。