当代英国家庭婚姻观与性行为探源

在当代英国社会里，传统的家庭观念愈来愈淡，单身，无终身同居以及单亲家庭等成了普遍的社会现象，这一切皆源于个人主义及自由主义，个人主义与自由主义推动了生产力的发展，同时也给英国社会带来了许多消极面。     

The use of telemedicine in child sexual abuse evaluations

OBJECTIVE: To describe the advantages, disadvantages and current status of child abuse consultations conducted through telemedicine networks. METHOD: The results of a telephone survey of seven statewide telemedicine networks are reported and discussed with respect to goals, funding, technical support and expertise, infrastructure, and extent of use. Quality assurance and liability issues concerning telemedicine child abuse consultations are also reviewed. RESULTS: The goals of telemedicine networks in child abuse are to provide (1) expertise to less experienced clinicians primarily in rural areas; (2) a method for peer review and quality assurance to build consensus of opinions particularly in sexual abuse cases; and (3) support for professionals involved in an emotionally burdensome area of pediatrics. Problems encountered by existing networks include: (1) funding for equipment and reimbursement for consultation; (2) consistent technical support: (3) clinician lack of technical expertise, knowledge, or motivation; and (4) lack of network infrastructure. Legal considerations include licensure exemptions for consulting across state lines, potential for malpractice, patient confidentiality and security of images forwarded over modem lines, and liability of the equipment, consulting site, and the consultant in criminal proceedings. CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine consultations offer a unique opportunity to raise the standard of care in child abuse evaluations, but success depends on clinician motivation, appropriate infrastructure, and ongoing funding and technical support.     

掩蔽在汉语音译外来女名中的性别政治

翻译已经形成了一个我们国家的文化活动的最重要组成部分,而姓名的翻译已经形成了一种重要的文化。由于中国汉字是一种独特的文字,所以在姓名翻译的过程中就存在着一系列的错位。由此,在其中就隐藏着性别政治,这主要体现在翻译姓名时汉字选字的四种形态当中。     

Promoting social inclusion in the early years of elementary school: a focus on children’s epistemic beliefs for moral reasoning

As classrooms continue to diversify, there is an increasing need to understand children’s inclusive behaviours and moral reasoning. Research shows that epistemic beliefs (beliefs about knowing and knowledge) can influence reasoning for adults, but we know little about this relationship in younger children or how classroom contexts relate to epistemic beliefs for moral reasoning. Thirty-one elementary school children (mean age 6.5 years) participated in epistemic beliefs and moral reasoning tasks in the first year of a three-year longitudinal study. Findings showed that while children described objectivist epistemic beliefs (right/wrong answers) about social inclusion, their justifications revealed an unexpected, more complex set of epistemic beliefs. Implications for moral pedagogies are discussed.     

The Si Huan Playgroup: an initiative to provide non-formal early childhood education experiences to children of migrants in Beijing

This paper is about an experiment in non-formal early childhood education for migrant children in Beijing. The Si Huan Playgroup was set up by a group of volunteers in 2004 and is built on ideas of early childhood pedagogy, equity, life-long learning and non-formal education. Non-formal education has implications for policy makers as this is a model that has the potential to build capacity in disadvantaged communities and provide educational experiences for preschool children. The model, as envisaged by the participants of the Si Huan Playgroup, is a provider of preschool education, operates on a volunteer basis that aims to be an educational experience for both the volunteer parents and the children. The playgroup operates alongside existing preschools in the formal education sector. Policy makers in Beijing can see tensions around the growth of a sector that is developing outside regulatory and legislative guidelines. The Si Huan playgroup has been closed down by the authorities a number of times. In this paper we outline the history and growth of the Si Huan Playgroup, explore the theoretical underpinnings of non-formal education and discuss the problems inherent in such an initiative, as well as commenting on the sustainability of such a model.     

科学家应该为科学的误用、滥用或恶用承担责任吗？

本文在界定科学的误用、滥用、恶用概念以及科学家为之应该担责和不该担责两种对立观点及其理由的基础上,认为不应该迫使科学家为（他人对）科学的不良使用承担直接责任,但是科学家在科学研究中必须要有责任意识,要有自律精神,必须有所作为。科学共同体则要以高度的社会责任感和自觉性,或采取必要的预防措施,或制定相关的条令,对科学研究加以规范或约束。最后就解决科学的误用、滥用、恶用之道进行了讨论。     

美国学前教育专业人员CDA培训方案的依据、内容、实施及其启示

CDA培训方案是美国目前最具代表性的优质幼儿教师职业培训项目之一,其培训内容建立在CDA六大能力目标基础之上,主要提供中心本位、家庭育儿及家访三种不同的培训模式,有CDA职业培训项目和国家评估两种资质认证方式.CDA培训方案启示我们应尽快制定统一、明确的幼儿教师职业标准;完善幼儿教师职业资格认证体系;幼儿教师培训要以儿童发展为出发点,重视教师的教育能力和实践训练,并提倡教师和家长合作.     

美国早期儿童示范项目的特征与启示

在考察学前教育对儿童发展的积极影响时,人们引用最多的是美国佩里幼儿园项目、芝加哥儿童家长中心、卡罗莱纳初学者项目等示范项目.然而,事实上这些示范项目都主要是针对低收入家庭儿童的,其产生的显著效果并不具普遍性.借鉴这些示范项目的成功经验,我国政府在学前教育领域的政策与投入应加大对社会处境不利儿童的关注;应充分考虑文化背景对教育效果的影响机制,而不能一味照搬这些示范项目;应审慎对待这些示范项目的研究结论,引导公众建立对幼儿教育的合理期待.     

幼儿教育小学化倾向的表现、原因及解决对策

幼儿教育小学化倾向在我国仍然普遍存在,主要表现为:在教育内容上,重视智力教育,轻视德、体、美、劳教育;在教育方法上,重视知识传授,轻视幼儿自主学习;在教育评价上,重视结果评价,轻视过程评价.幼儿家长、教师以及行政主管部门的利益诉求是造成幼儿教育小学化倾向的直接原因.为改变这一现状,需要积极开展家园共建活动,形成幼儿教育合力;需要遵循幼儿成长规律,做好幼小衔接工作;需要加大教育主管部门的监管力度.     

加快推进《学前教育法》立法进程

学前教育是人生发展的奠基性教育,是基础教育的基础,对义务教育质量、国民素质提高和社会发展具有重要的奠基性作用。随着我国社会发展,特别是发展观的转变,学前教育的公益性及其重要的基础性作用日益为人们所认识。加快推进《学前教育法》立法进程,不仅是解决我国当前学前教育事业发展中诸多根本性问题的现实选择,而且是保障其健康、有序、可持续发展的迫切需要。建议突破思路,抓住核心问题,明确学前教育性质和政府职责,创新体制机制,争取在近年内制定出台《学前教育法》。