对竞技健美操运动员损伤状况的研究

难度大是竞技健美操的特点之一,为了解并做到及时预防和减少竞技健美操运动员的损伤,对参加冠军赛的前15名运动员进行了调查,结果为准备活动不充分、运动负荷安排不合理、机体疲劳、带伤训练和对损伤方面知识了解不深是造成健美操运动员损伤的主要原因;受伤部位的发生频率依次为脱、踝、腰、膝和足趾;各组织情况依次为韧带、关节和肌肉。     

儿童肥胖防治的有效措施

儿童肥胖已经成为全球性的流行病。在过去的几十年里,发达国家和发展中国家的儿童肥胖都迅速增长,肥胖流行具有全球性和地区性．．同时肥胖给儿童的健康带来了前所未有的沉重负担,肥胖对儿童的心理健康和学业表现会产生负面影响,肥胖的儿童认为,他们的生活质量与正在接受癌症治疗的儿童相差无几,文章用大量的实证研究分析了儿童肥胖的原因,并推荐了儿童肥胖的治疗措施。     

Frequency of Six Early Childhood Education Approaches: A 10-Year Content Analysis of Early Childhood Education Journal

The frequency of early childhood education approaches spanning 10 years of publications was investigated. A content analysis of publications (N = 492) from Early Childhood Education Journal was conducted. From a previous content analysis six approaches or search words were identified: Bank Street, Head Start, High/Scope, Montessori, Reggio Emilia, and Waldorf. Overall, the current content analysis demonstrated that the Head Start approach most frequently appeared. The results indicate that approaches vary as to their frequency of appearance and that contributors of Early Childhood Education Journal have investigated, reflected upon, and expanded upon approaches to educating young children to different degrees. This finding may be beneficial to future contributors of Early Childhood Education Journal. In addition, we have provided a brief overview of each approach that early childhood professionals may use to aid parents with their early childhood education enrollment decisions.     

Developing identities in the workplace: students’ experiences of distance early childhood teacher education

In Aotearoa New Zealand, many early childhood teachers gain their teaching qualification via distance study while working in an early childhood centre. Early childhood teachers work in a team environment, and it is important to understand more about how distance students negotiate changes in their workplace practice as their professional knowledge develops. This article draws on a study that explores students’ experiences of distance teacher education as a process of changing participation in the workplace. Distance study supported increasingly confident participation as students saw more meaning in their daily work. The students’ identities and their workplace cultures and practices influenced what students paid attention to and the decisions they made when negotiating changes within their teams. Their experiences suggest that strengthening students’ relational agency at work is a useful focus for distance early childhood teacher education programmes.     

Sex Education through a Trauma-Informed Lens: Do Parents Who See Trauma as a Problem for Youth Support Trauma-Informed Sex Education?

Trauma-informed sex education is sensitive to students’ traumatic life experiences. Internet panel data for 600 Louisiana parents/caregivers of school-age youth were used to examine parental support for trauma-informed school-based sex education, and parental characteristics associated with supporting trauma-informed sex education. Nearly three-quarters (71%) of parents agreed that youth are exposed to high levels of trauma, and 86% reported interest in school-based sex education that supports emotional wellness. Of all parental characteristics, the perception that youth are exposed to high levels of trauma was most strongly associated with endorsement of trauma-informed sex education. Louisiana parents recognize the influence of emotional wellness on youth sexual health and support trauma-informed school-based sex education, which is becoming the new standard for youth sex education services.     

基于图画书特质的幼儿园图画书阅读教学策略

图画书是一种把语言与图画两种艺术表现手段很好融合在一起进行故事叙述的艺术形式.教师如果不能很好地把握图画书的这一特质,就会很容易在有关图画书的阅读教学中把文字与图画分割开来,或者把图画书当作传统看图讲述的对象,或者把图画书当作开展综合活动的引子,而忽略图画书自身独特而丰富的价值.为激发幼儿阅读图画书的兴趣,促进其自主阅读能力的发展,深化其阅读体验,教师在利用图画书开展阅读教学时,应善于利用其经过艺术处理的图像文字,进行声音和空间的再现,使幼儿产生身临其境的阅读感受;应善于抓住其中隐形的关键人物,再造有关人物形象;应能灵活运用多种翻页技巧,把握文本节奏;应关注画面细节,深度挖掘故事内涵.     

Evaluating construct validity and internal consistency of early childhood individualized family service plans

This study presents evidence regarding the construct validity and internal consistency of the IFSP Rating Scale (McWilliam & Jung, 2001), which was designed to rate individualized family service plans (IFSPs) on 12 indicators of family centered practice. Here, the Rasch measurement model is employed to investigate the scale's functioning and fit for both person and item diagnostics of 120 IFSPs that were previously analyzed with a classical test theory approach. Analyses demonstrated scores on the IFSP Rating Scale fit the model well, though additional items could improve the scale's reliability. Implications for applying the Rasch model to improve special education research and practice are discussed.     

论身体与创伤再现和治愈的关系

创伤记忆具有非文字、非线性、无法理解、无法叙述、无法掌控等特征,使普通语言叙述的创伤再现面临诸多困境和危机,身体的介入打破了这些危机。同时,身体因其与创伤之间在视觉、痛觉等方面特殊而紧密的关系在见证创伤故事真实性、再现创伤、治愈创伤方面表现出特殊功能。身体与创伤再现和治愈关系的理论研究具有很大的现实意义。     

Childhood experiences of maltreatment,reflective functioning and attachment in adolescent and young adult mothers: Effects on mother-infant interaction and emotion regulation

BackgroundMaternal childhood experiences of maltreatment affect parenting and have consequences for a child’s social-emotional development. Adolescent mothers have a higher frequency of a history of maltreatment than adult mothers. However few studies have analyzed the interactions between adolescent mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment and their infants.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to examine the effect of maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment on mother-infant emotion regulation at infant 3 months, considering both infant and mother individual emotion regulation and their mutual regulation.ParticipantsParticipants were 63 adolescent and young adult mother-infant dyads recruited at a hospital.MethodsThe mothers were administered the Adult Attachment Interview to evaluate reflective functioning and attachment and the Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse was used to evaluate maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment. Mother-infant interactions were coded with a modified version of the Infant Caregiver Engagement Phases.ResultsDyads with mothers with childhood maltreatment (vs dyads with mothers with no maltreatment) spent more time in negative emotional mutual regulation (p = .009) and less time in positive and neutral mutual emotion regulation (p = .019). Cumulative maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment were associated positively with mother and infant negative states at individual and dyadic level and with the AAI scales of Passivity and Unresolved Trauma (p < .05). The effect of cumulative maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment on mother-infant emotion regulation was direct and not mediated by maternal attachment and reflective function.ConclusionsMaternal childhood experiences of maltreatment increase the risk connected to early motherhood, affecting mother-infant emotion regulation.     

儿童早期加法策略发展及其教育启示

计算策略是影响儿童计算能力发展的重要因素,反映了儿童的思维过程及问题解决水平。目前已有研究对儿童早期加法策略的类型、水平及发展特点进行了深入细致的探讨。幼儿园在开展计算教学活动时应积极利用这些研究成果,为儿童提供运用、表达与交流策略的机会,并积极促进儿童策略意识与水平的发展。