严重创伤后血清胆碱酯酶活性的动态变化

研究目的：创新要点：研究方法：重要结论：探讨严重创伤患者早期血清胆碱酯酶（ChE）活性的动态变化规律与临床意义。阐明了在严重创伤后早期血清ChE动态的变化规律,为评估创伤的严重程度和预后判断提供新的参考辅助指标。前瞻性观察研究：分析81例严重创伤患者伤后第1、3、7天血清ChE活性的动态变化,通过亚组（不同预后、不同伤情严重程度）间变化比较及与损伤严重度评分（ISS）、急性生理和慢性健康评分Ⅲ（APACHEⅢ）和创伤严重程度评分（TRISS）进行比较,评估其反映病情严重程度和预后的价值;同时分析伤后血清ChE活性与急性期蛋白（APP）,如白蛋白（ALB）、前白蛋白（PAB）、转铁蛋白（TRF）和C反应蛋白（CRP）浓度变化的关系。血清ChE活性在严重创伤后显著降低,持续下降的幅度越大,则提示损伤越重,预后可能越差,而且血清ChE或可视为负急性期蛋白的一种,血清ChE作为严重创伤伤情和预后评估的简单辅助指标具有一定的可靠性。     

华兹华斯和徐志摩比较研究

本文通过赏鉴湖畔诗魂华兹华斯和徐志摩的诗歌散文对其心物感应进行透视，揭橥了两位浪漫主义作家的童年意识和自然意识，提出两者流露出的童年意识是以对自然的感受性为参照的，其自然意识渗透于童年意识之中，两者的童年意识(意向性)的自觉是以自然意识(感受性)由强到弱衰退所形成的张力为动因。它钩沉了两者所受的思想影响和渊源。华兹华斯诗作风格是牧歌性的，徐志摩诗文充满灵性，究其原委，两颗童心在自然浸淫中走向契合。     

What’s faith got to do with it? A scoping study on local faith communities supporting child development and learning

In a scoping study on the role of local faith communities in relation to child development and learning in low- and middle-income countries, we note the need for more scholarly attention on this topic, especially in the areas of ECD and primary and secondary education. We find very little literature that explores the current contributions of these faith communities or the impact of interventions. Most literature focuses on interventions driven by international actors that engage faith-actors in instrumentalist ways. We argue for an approach that seeks to recognize and support faith-communities as existing systems that support child development and learning, and believe such an approach will be more sustainable, respectful, and effective.     

新西兰学前教育课程纲要的特点及启示

新西兰教育部于1996年和2017年先后颁布了两版《编织的草席:学前教育课程纲要》 (Te Whāriki),新版的纲要依据社会经济的变化,结合新近教育研究结果和实践经验,对旧版进行修订.Te Whāriki课程纲要由教育目标、四大原则和五条线索编织在一起,具有高度的连贯性,主要表现在课程与本国文化的一致性、课程框架与...     

我国学前教育政策研究的回眸与展望:价值取向、研究范式与核心主题

在我国学前教育事业不断走向科学化和规范化的过程中,学前教育政策研究发挥了非常重要的作用。回顾我国学前教育政策研究的历史,可以发现相关研究者在价值取向上始终坚持学前教育政策研究应呼应国家重大政策、服务时代与社会变革需求、关注事业发展中的关键问题,体现了对公平和质量的持续求索,日益关注弱势群体及精准扶贫,并从宏观探讨逐渐转向对关键政策点的研究,重视多元利益主体的诉求。在研究范式上,我国学前教育政策研究经历了从结构功能主义到批判性分析范式、从理论思辨到实证研究的转向,实现了多元研究范式的并存和互补,研究视野随之逐渐开阔,并积极引入了跨学科视角。学前教育管理与办园体制、财政投入与师资队伍保障机制,学前教育资源扩大与均衡配置、弱势群体扶助、普惠发展,学前教育政策规范、质量保障及立法等是今后一段时期内我国学前教育政策研究的核心主题。     

Meeting in the circle: examining identity,attitudes, and pedagogy in the context of an early childhood teacher education program in the United States

As a team of teacher educators at a university in the United States, we engage in participatory action research to reflect on how reflective tools which we design engage teacher candidates (TCs) in their reflecting on teaching. In this paper, we describe how we invite TCs to write in-class reflections, respond to self-assessment probes, and practice problem-solving processes. We critically analyze our approaches and identify further intentional approaches to promote university students’ understandings of (1) links between the self and working with children and families and (2) connections between attitudes and pedagogy towards social justice and inclusion. We conclude that we must continue to explore how the teaching practices we use affect students’ understandings of social justice in education. Doing so demands our focus on examining attitudes through self-reflection among and between faculty and university students so that identity, relationships, attitudes, inclusion, and social justice are prioritized as pillars of curriculum in early childhood education at all levels of schooling.     

Making the implicit explicit: Supporting teachers to bridge cultures

In this paper, we report the results of a longitudinal action research project in which elementary teachers used a cultural framework (individualism–collectivism) to understand differences between the culture of immigrant Latino families and the culture of U.S. schools. Making explicit the culture-based beliefs implicit in home and school practices allowed teachers to think differently about their students and their own teaching, and with that change in thinking came the immediate and ongoing creation of a wide range of innovations to bridge home and school cultures. Shifting to a preschool emphasis, we discuss how the individualism–collectivism framework has been used in professional development for early childhood educators. A broad view of professional development is discussed including the role of college faculty, early childhood program administrators, teachers, and families. We suggest how such professional development might be mounted through use of methods and materials that promote explicit models of immigrant cultures to reduce home–school cultural mismatches for immigrant children.     

Kevin: “I Gotta Get to the Market”: The Development of Peer Relationships in Inclusive Early Childhood Settings

This study describes the lived experience of Kevin, a young child with physical disabilities who is placed in an inclusive classroom, a classroom where children with and without disabilities are educated together, with extra support provided for the child with disabilities. Children with disabilities who are placed in inclusive early childhood settings tend to be rejected or neglected more than their typically developing peers and are involved more with the adults in the classroom than with their peers. Kevin’s experiences are framed in the context of the current emphasis on inclusive practices. The study documents that adult assistance and curriculum activities both play an important role in either facilitating or constraining social interaction with peers. When the assigned assistant functions as the child’s playmate and mostly chooses table activities, both of these seem to limit opportunities for social interaction with peers. This study also documents that, without the assistant present, the child makes independent choices such as where and with whom to play. The dramatic play area serves as a conduit for meaningful verbal and nonverbal communication with peers. At the same time, Kevin’s strong desire to play in this area seems to be the impetus for physical development—he walks alone for the very first time. Suggestions are given for teacher facilitation of dramatic play.     

Blended Perspectives: A Global Vision for High-Quality Early Childhood Education

What are the attributes of a high-quality early childhood education program worldwide? An group of experienced early childhood educators that represent diverse international backgrounds attempts to respond to this question by examining six dimensions of quality set forth by the Association for Childhood Education International: (1) philosophies and goals, (2) high-quality physical environments, (3) developmentally appropriate and effective pedagogy and curriculum, (4) attention to basic and special needs, (5) respect for families and communities, (6) professionally prepared teachers and staff, and (7) rigorous program evaluation. The article concludes with an annotated list of references, both in professional publications and online, that examine early childhood education from an international perspective.     

Guys and ‘the rest of us’: tales of gendered aptitude and experience in educational carework

A history of framing the teaching of young children as a matter of ‘natural’ female aptitude has led a number of researchers and educators to oversimplify men's experiences as a foil or antidote to the ills of schooling. In this qualitative study of men, women, and ‘feminisation’ in early education and care environments, interview data (N?=?4) are discursively analysed to provide a more nuanced understanding of how male and female careworkers construct and orient themselves in relation to masculinity and maleness.