量化数字人文综述

数字人文对多样化研究内容、语言和学者的包容性,使其在近20年得到突飞猛进的壮大,并逐渐涉及人文学、社会学、计算机科学等多个领域。然而,包容的“大帐篷”不仅在一定程度上限制了对数字人文具体学科内容、科研范畴、学者群体和学科历史的理解,也使得学科成长和拓展缺少客观数据和理论的支持,从而无法健康且可持续地发展。文章回顾前人对数字人文所做的学科研究,重点集中在使用计量和统计等方法来揭示数字人文的知识结构、内容演变、合作模式和学者背景等工作上,以期帮助学界从量化的角度认识数字人文的形成、发展和前景。     

Robust parameterisation of ages of references in published research

The purpose of this research is to illustrate the use of the gamma distribution to model the ages of references in published research, and to demonstrate that the two gamma distribution parameters characterise a field of research in a manner that is complementary to and more nuanced than the Price Index or mean age of references.Minimum Distance Estimation is shown to produce robust estimates of the gamma distribution parameters because of the insensitivity of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test in the tails of the distribution.Using a sample of 816 articles from 26 different journals across six subject areas, it is shown that the gamma distribution is at least as good as a lognormal distribution to model the ages of references in research articles.The two gamma distribution parameters indicate the rate of publication of new knowledge within the respective discipline and the citing behaviour in terms of the recency of references. Interpretation of these gamma distribution parameters enables a more nuanced and granular interpretation of the distinctiveness of disciplines, sub-disciplines, formats of publication and the distribution of references within articles than possible using the Price Index, half-life or mean age of references.     

Hyperactive Grey Objects

Previous papers on grey literature by the authors have described (1) the need for formal metadata to allow machine understanding and therefore scalable operations; (2) the enhancement of repositories of grey (and other) e-publications by linking with CRIS (Current Research Information Systems); (3) the use of the research process to collect metadata incrementally reducing the threshold barrier for end-users and improving quality in an ambient GRIDs environment. This paper takes the development one step further and proposes “intelligent” grey objects. The hypothesis is in 2 parts: (1) that the use of passive catalogs of metadata does not scale (a) in a highly distributed environment with millions of nodes and (b) with vastly increased volumes of R&D output grey publications with associated metadata; (2) that a new paradigm is required that (a) integrates grey with white literature and other R&D outputs such as software, data, products and patents (b) in a self-managing, self-optimizing way and that this paradigm manages automatically curation, provenance digital rights, trust, security and privacy. Concerning (1) existing repositories provide catalogs; harvesting takes increasing time ensuring non-currency. The end-user expends much manual effort/intelligence to utilize the results. The elapsed time of (1) the network (2) the centralized (or centrally controlled distributed) catalog server searches (3) end-user intervention becomes unacceptable. Concerning (2) there is no paradigm currently known to the authors that satisfies the requirement. Our proposal is outlined below. Hyperactive combines both hyperlinking and active properties of a (grey) object. Hyperlinking implies multimedia components linked to form the object and also external links to other resources. The term active implies that objects do not lie passively in a repository to be retrieved by end-users. They “get a life” and the object moves through the network knowing where it is going. A hyperactive grey object is wrapped by its (incrementally recorded) formal metadata and an associated (software) agent. It moves through process steps such as initial concept, authoring, reviewing and depositing in a repository. The workflow is based on the rules and information in the corporate data repository with which the agent interacts. Once the object is deposited, the agent associated with it actively pushes the object to the end-users (or systems) whose metadata indicate interest or an obligation in a workflowed process. The agents check the object and user (or system) metadata for rights, privacy, security parameters, and for any charges and assure compatibility. Alternatively the object can be found passively by end-user or system agents. The object can also associate itself with other objects forming relationships utilising metadata or content. Declared relationships include references and citations; workflowed relationships include versions and also links to corporate information and research datasets and software; inferenced relationships are discovered relationships such as between documents by different authors developed from an earlier idea of a third author. Components of this paradigm have been implemented to some extent. The challenge is implementing—respecting part two of the hypothesis—the integration architecture. This surely is harnessing the power of grey.

努力打造一门具有本土特色的专业选修课程——“广西新时期文学作品选读”新课程建设

"广西新时期文学作品选读"是河池学院中国语言文学系汉语言文学专业新开设的一门专业选修课程,该教学改革项目2005年被批准为"新世纪广西高等教育教学改革工程‘十一五’第一批立项项目"。本文对"广西新时期文学作品选读‘新课程建设’"项目的立项背景、意义和建设情况进行扼要总结,并对下一步的建设进行思考。     

缪斯殿外 别有新天——王兆鹏先生的学科交叉跨界研究管窥

王兆鹏教授之治学,既拥唐门考据之长,注重文献学硬功夫,故能成其深,又不囿于学科限制,注重学科交叉新思考,故能成其大。他在文献考据、理论阐释方面皆颇有建树,备受瞩目。王兆鹏在理论阐释研究中的学科交叉、文学跨界研究是其治学之特色,其定量分析、传播接受、范式批评等研究成就尤其突出。     

历史文献学视域中的乡村社会文献整理

从儒门六经之修订,到现当代社会史史料搜集,乡村社会文献整理,在中国已有两千余年之历史。自主体、类别、性质、特征等方面观,与传世典籍文献、官方档案文献并列而存在的民间文献包括乡村社会文献,是一个特定的文献系统。从历史文献学学科视域中审视正在迅速消失中的乡村社会历史文献,进而实现系统科学整理,是民族文献遗产保护的现实举措,是社会史研究的基础工程,也是历史文献学学科重建的重要课题。     

收编与吸纳:1930年初“左联”文艺期刊检视

"左联"成立之初,太阳社、后期创造社、南国社等创办的既成刊物随之变成了"左联"的文艺阵地,计有:《大众文艺》、《南国月刊》、《艺术月刊》、《沙仑月刊》、《拓荒者》与《萌芽月刊》。通过这些刊物,"左联"推介了一些左翼文学新人、新作和新理论,推进了"大众文艺"的发展进程,为将民众引入艺术殿堂提供了重要的平台,也推进了左翼文艺界的大联合。