新高考选科“遇冷”的制度主义分析——以物理学科为例

选考科目改革作为新一轮高考改革的重要举措,在一定程度上促进了科学选才,推动了高校招生与培养一体化,但在实施的过程中也出现了部分学科选考“遇冷”的现象。以物理选科遇冷为例,从理性选择制度主义视角来看,在不同行动者与行动情境间的互动过程中,行动者基于其行动偏好,在政策控制权、信息掌握和处理能力有限的前提下,经过成本和收益的分析,实现个人利益最大化,是导致物理“遇冷”这一集体困境的重要原因。从制度的科学性、公平性、适应性和问责监督机制四个方面评价选考科目设置,要以群体需求为参照,完善选考制度的顶层设计;以政策落实为目标,保障选考制度的实施条件;以正确理念为引导,营造选考实施的有利环境。     

从“政策依赖”到“制度自觉”:“公民同招”新政的利弊分析

义务教育阶段的“择校热”和“就近入学”一直备受争议,民办学校的兴起为择校提供了新选择,也冲击着义务教育的发展格局。民众对优质教育资源的渴求助长了各地招生乱象,严重影响了义务教育的公益性与普惠性。国家全面推行的“公民同招”政策在有力维护教育起点公平,确保良性竞争的同时,也面临着现实困境和深层隐忧:公平起步与均衡依赖的鸿沟、自主择校与政策调剂的分歧、民办与公办学校的分化。平衡两类学校的协同发展,稳步推进政策,不能搞“短平快和一刀切”。需通过优化资源、维护程序公正,加强校际治理,逐步冲破改革阵痛,促使义务教育优质均衡发展,把新政之弊降到最小。     

柔性组织:动态竞争条件下的企业选择

21世纪企业竞争环境将更加复杂，竞争互动将更加强烈，竞争优势将越来越不具有可保持性，企业战略需要针对瞬息万变的环境不断进行调整。传统刚性组织已不适应动态竞争条件下企业战略的需要，柔性组织将成为动态竞争条件下企业的必然选择。     

基于双边依赖性的大型煤炭企业战略联盟结构模式选择模型及其应用

以大型煤炭企业战略联盟结构模式选择为研究对象,分析了结构模式选择的4个主要影响因素,引入治理结构理论,构建了基于双边依赖性的大型煤炭企业战略联盟结构模式选择模型,并用一个实例验证了该模型的可行性和实用性,具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

多维集成视角下面向公共决策技术评价方法体系构建与评价方法选择

构建了多维集成视角下的面向公共决策技术评价体系，并着重就其他两个视角展开基础上的通用性方法视角提出了基于方法构件的技术评价方法的组合与选择思想，给出了基于属性匹配的评价方法选择研究思路，建立了属性匹配模型．引入了评价方法匹配选择有效性分析的思想。     

市场导向型产业集群模式下的技术扩散与政策选择

目前我国存在的产业集群可以分为市场导向型、政府扶持型以及计划型三种模式。重点对市场导向型产业集群模式下的技术扩散特征进行分析，并在此基础上，从政府、行业、企业三个不同层面提出有关技术扩散的政策选择。     

Increasing the career choice readiness of young adolescents: an evaluation study

A career workshop that applies models of the Cognitive Information Processing Approach (Sampson, Reardon, Peterson, &; Lenz, 2004) and incorporates critical ingredients (Brown and Ryan Krane, 2000) to promote the career choice readiness of young adolescents was developed and evaluated with 334 Swiss students in seventh grade applying a Solomon four group design with a three-month follow-up. Participants significantly increased their performance in terms of career decidedness, career planning, career exploration, and vocational identity. Implications for evaluation research and counselling practice are presented.     

State disinvestment,technologies of choice and ‘fitting in’: neoliberal transformations in US public education

Given state cuts to US public education, overcrowding and underfunding in urban district schools continue to grow. Yet, how parents understand the role of state disinvestment on underfunded and overcrowded public schools remains relatively unexamined. Drawing from an ethnographic study of school choice in Arizona, I explore how a group of white parents from diverse income and educational levels, who exited their child from a district school to enroll in a charter school, articulated state disinvestment in their everyday lives. Findings show that parents blamed local schools for what were largely the effects of state disinvestment. In particular, parents connected underfunding and overcrowding with a lack of district responsiveness to individual concerns to express the view that dire conditions were a personal and not a collective problem. Concurrent with the view that they were ‘were forced to choose’ a charter school due to a lack of district responsiveness, parents developed the belief that choice makes education more equal, especially for students who don’t ‘fit in’ to the district school. In total, findings highlight how technologies of choice enter into local cultural and material struggles to transform the relationship between parents and schools from a social to an economic one.     

我国中小企业技术创新的风险与能力增强型路径选择

技术创新的是一种投机性风险,给风险承担者带来收益的同时也可能带来损失。中小企业由于资本实力不足、人才使用的高成本、抵御技术风险和市场风险的能力不足,必须根据实际的情况采取有效而稳妥的技术创新,使中小企业最大限度地规避风险和减少技术创新的成本。